Toddlers' Social Interactions regarding Moral and Conventional Transgressions
Toddlers' Social Interactions regarding Moral and Conventional Transgressions
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幼儿关于道德和习俗违规的社会互动
DOI：
10.1111/j.1467-8624.1984.tb00419.x
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发表时间：
1984
影响因子：
4.6
通讯作者：
J. Smetana
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
J. Smetana
朱迪思·斯梅塔纳幼儿关于道德和传统违法行为的社会互动。《儿童发展》，1984年，第55期，第1767 - 1776页。在这项研究中，社会互动的道德和传统的越轨行为之间观察到2个年龄组的幼儿。16个日托中心教室，8个服务13 - 27个月大（1 = 20.76）和8个服务18 - 40个月大（X = 30.08）的幼儿，每个观察3个45分钟的会议。所有对违规行为的反应都是根据努奇和图里尔改编的标准清单进行评分的。结果表明，在这2个领域的越轨行为的反应频率不同的年龄，道德越轨行为的反应被认为是更频繁的年轻的幼儿，而传统的越轨行为的反应更频繁的年龄较大的幼儿。在这两个年龄组中，照顾者而不是儿童对传统的越轨行为作出反应。照顾者和儿童的道德越轨行为，但有较少的照顾者的反应比年幼的儿童的道德越轨行为。命令和，不太频繁，有关社会组织方面的声明与照顾者对所有常规违法行为的反应。序贯分析表明，在道德越轨行为，无论是照顾者试图通过命令，身体约束，或试图转移注意力，或儿童受害者提供反馈的越轨行为的后果，以保持社会控制。后者，反过来，导致成年人关于行为内在错误的陈述。这些结果的发展起源之间的区别道德和公约的影响进行了讨论。
SMETANA, JUDITH G. Toddlers' Social Interactions regarding Moral and Conventional Transgressions. CHILD DEVELOPMENT, 1984, 55, 1767-1776. In this study, social interactions regarding moral and conventional transgressions were observed among 2 age groups of toddlers. 16 daycare-center classrooms, 8 serving 13-27-month-old (1 = 20.76) and 8 serving 18-40-month-old (X = 30.08) toddlers, were each observed for 3 45-min sessions. All responses to transgressions were scored on a standard checklist adapted from Nucci and Turiel. The results indicated that the frequency of responses to transgressions in the 2 domains differed by age; responses to moral transgressions were found to be more frequent among younger toddlers, while responses to conventional transgressions were more frequent among older toddlers. Among both age groups, caregivers but not children responded to conventional transgressions. Caregivers and children responded to moral transgressions, but there were fewer caregiver responses to older than to younger children's moral transgressions. Commands and, less frequently, statements pertaining to aspects of social organization were associated with caregiver responses to all conventional transgressions. Sequential analyses indicated that following a moral transgression, either caregivers attempted to maintain social control through commands, physical restraint, or attempts to divert attention, or child victims responded by providing feedback regarding the consequences of the transgression. The latter, in turn, resulted in adult statements regarding the intrinsic wrongness of the acts. The implications of these results for the developmental origins of distinctions between morality and convention are discussed.