Historical aspects of the dichotomy between manic-depressive disorders and schizophrenia
Historical aspects of the dichotomy between manic-depressive disorders and schizophrenia
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DOI：
10.1016/s0920-9964(02)00328-6
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发表时间：
2002-09-01
影响因子：
4.5
通讯作者：
Angst, J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Angst, J
精神病分类的历史是非常复杂的，这种介绍必须限于一个简化的概述。Guislain [Guislain，J.，1833.精神病理论或精神疾病新学说。Etablissement Encyclopedique，布鲁塞尔]和Zeller [Beil.医学通信- Bl.符腾堡阿兹特尔Ver. 7（1837）321]建立了精神疾病的一神论概念，其排列一直存活到今天。Kraepelin's [Kraepelin，E.，1899.精神科。一本《学生与艺术》（第六版）。Johann Ambrosius Barth，Leipzig]“躁狂抑郁性精神病”和早发性痴呆之间的二分法主要建立在Kahlbaum的[Kahlbaum，K.，1863. Psychischen Krankheiten的Gruppirung和Seelenstorungen的Eintheilung。AW Kafemann，Danzig]分类，该分类考虑了临床症状、病程和结局。Kraepelin被广泛接受的方法试图为诊断、预后、治疗选择和因果关系研究提供基础。克雷佩林的二分法来质疑几个理由：（1）怀疑他的统一双相情感障碍[Gaz。24（1851）18];（2）怀疑Kraepelin的诊断群对因果研究的意义[Z. Gesainte Neurol.精神病医生12（1912）540]，最好的说明了工作的Bonhoeffer [Bonhoeffeffer，K.，1912.精神病患者在感染、一般疾病和内部疾病方面的表现。In：阿沙芬堡，G. (Ed.), Handbuch der Psychiatrie，3. Abt.，1.一半（3）Kleist [Monatsschr.精神病医生Neurol. 125（1953）526]和Leonhard [Leonhard，K.，1968. Aufteilung der endogenen Psychosen（4th edn.）. Akademie Verlag，柏林]和（4）从Kehrer和Kretschmer开始描述情感障碍和精神分裂症之间的精神病（中间型精神病、混合型精神病、情感性精神病）[Kehrer，F.，Kretschmer，E.，1924.这是一个很好的选择。（Monographien aus dem Gesamtgebiete der Neurologic 40）Springer，柏林]，并坚持到现代的发现，即两大类精神障碍之间的连续性。到目前为止，Kraepelin的简化方法比Kleist-Leonhard的方法更成功，但现代精神病学分类中更具描述性的趋势有利于Hoche的综合征概念以及情感和精神分裂症之间以及正常和病理行为之间的连续性概念。(C)出版社：Elsevier Science B. V.
The history of psychiatric classification is highly complex and this presentation must be restricted to a simplified overview. Guislain [Guislain, J., 1833. Traite des phrenopathies ou doctrine nouvelle des maladies mentales. Etablissement Encyclopedique, Brussels] and Zeller [Beil. Med. Corresp.-Bl. Wurtemb. Arztl. Ver. 7 (1837) 321] established a unitarian concept of psychiatric disorder, permutations of which have survived until the present day. Kraepelin's [Kraepelin, E., 1899. Psychiatrie. Ein Lehrbuch fur Studierende und Arzte (6th edn.). Johann Ambrosius Barth, Leipzig] dichotomy between "manic-depressive insanity" and dementia praecox was built mainly on Kahlbaum's [Kahlbaum, K., 1863. Die Gruppirung der Psychischen Krankheiten und die Eintheilung der Seelenstorungen. AW Kafemann, Danzig] classification, which took clinical symptoms, course and outcome into account. Kraepelin's well-accepted approach sought to provide a basis for diagnosis, prognosis, choice of treatment and causal research. Kraepelin's dichotomy came to be questioned on several grounds: (1) doubts about his unification of bipolar disorder [Gaz. Hop. 24 (1851) 18] with melancholia, (2) doubts about the significance of Kraepelin's diagnostic groups for causal research [Z. Gesainte Neurol. Psychiatr. 12 (1912) 540], illustrated best by the work of Bonhoeffer [Bonhoefferm, K., 1912. Die symptomatischen Psychosen im Gefolge akuter Infektionen, Allgemeinerkrankungen und innerer Krankheiten. In: Aschaffenburg, G. (Ed.), Handbuch der Psychiatrie, 3. Abt., 1. Halfte. Deuticke, Leipzig Wien], (3) the complex psychopathological descriptions and classifications of numerous subgroups of psychoses by Kleist [Monatsschr. Psychiatr. Neurol. 125 (1953) 526] and Leonhard [Leonhard, K., 1968. Aufteilung der endogenen Psychosen (4th edn.). Akademie Verlag, Berlin] and (4) description of the psychoses between affective and schizophrenic disorders (intermediate psychoses, mixed psychoses, schizo-affective psychoses) beginning with Kehrer and Kretschmer [Kehrer, F., Kretschmer, E., 1924. Die Veranlagung zu seelischen Storungen. (Monographien aus dem Gesamtgebiete der Neurologic 40) Springer, Berlin] and persisting up to the modem findings of a continuum between the two major groups of psychiatric disorders. Kraepelin's simplification has so far been more successful than the Kleist-Leonhard approach, but the modem and more descriptive trend in psychiatric classification favours the syndromal concept of Hoche and the concepts of continua between affective and schizophrenic disorders and between normal and pathological behaviour. (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science B.V.