Homicides by Police: Comparing Counts From the National Violent Death Reporting System, Vital Statistics, and Supplementary Homicide Reports
Homicides by Police: Comparing Counts From the National Violent Death Reporting System, Vital Statistics, and Supplementary Homicide Reports
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DOI：
10.2105/ajph.2016.303074
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发表时间：
2016-05-01
影响因子：
12.7
通讯作者：
Hemenway, David
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Barber, Catherine;Azrael, Deborah;Hemenway, David
Objective.评估国家暴力死亡报告系统（NVDRS）作为执法人员凶杀案的监测系统。我们评估了NVDRS“死亡类型”变量对我们研究的警察杀人事件计数的敏感性和阳性预测值，我们从NVDRS编码和叙述数据中获得了2005年至2012年参与NVDRS的州。我们比较了NVDRS、生命统计和联邦调查局补充凶杀案报告中的警察凶杀案数量。我们在16个州确认了1552起警察杀人案。NVDRS“死亡类型”变量对警察凶杀案的阳性预测值和敏感性较高（分别为98%和90%）。来自生命统计和补充凶杀案报告的计数分别占我们研究总数的58%和48%;各州之间的差距很大。警察杀人的年发生率（0.24/10万）因州而异，为5倍，因种族/民族而异，为8倍。NVDRS提供了比现有系统更完整的警察杀人数据。将NVDRS扩展到所有50个州并进行我们确定的2项改进将是一种有效的方式，可以为国家提供更准确，更详细的执法凶杀案数据。
Objective. To evaluate the National Violent Death Reporting System (NVDRS) as a surveillance system for homicides by law enforcement officers.Methods. We assessed sensitivity and positive predictive value of the NVDRS "type of death" variable against our study count of homicides by police, which we derived from NVDRS coded and narrative data for states participating in NVDRS 2005 to 2012. We compared state counts of police homicides from NVDRS, Vital Statistics, and Federal Bureau of Investigation Supplementary Homicide Reports.Results. We identified 1552 police homicides in the 16 states. Positive predictive value and sensitivity of the NVDRS "type of death" variable for police homicides were high (98% and 90%, respectively). Counts from Vital Statistics and Supplementary Homicide Reports were 58% and 48%, respectively, of our study total; gaps varied widely by state. The annual rate of police homicide (0.24/100 000) varied 5-fold by state and 8-fold by race/ethnicity.Conclusions. NVDRS provides more complete data on police homicides than do existing systems.Policy Implications. Expanding NVDRS to all 50 states and making 2 improvements we identify will be an efficient way to provide the nation with more accurate, detailed data on homicides by law enforcement.