The role of rare innate immune cells in Type 2 immune activation against parasitic helminths.
The role of rare innate immune cells in Type 2 immune activation against parasitic helminths.
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DOI：
10.1017/s0031182017000488
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发表时间：
2017-09
期刊：
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Tait Wojno ED
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Webb LM;Tait Wojno ED
大型寄生虫的复杂性反映在参与对抗这些生物体所需的 2 型免疫反应的宿主细胞类型的复杂网络中。在这种背景下，适应性 T 辅助 2 细胞和 2 型细胞因子白细胞介素 (IL)-4、IL-5、IL-9 和 IL-13 多年来一直是研究的焦点，但最近的研究表明先天免疫系统发挥着重要作用。一些促进2型免疫的先天免疫细胞相对丰富，例如巨噬细胞和嗜酸性粒细胞。然而，我们现在认识到更罕见的细胞类型，包括第 2 组先天淋巴细胞、嗜碱性粒细胞、肥大细胞和树突细胞对这些反应做出了重大贡献。这些细胞被发现的频率较低，但它们专门发挥其作用——位于皮肤、肺和肠道等部位，宿主在这些部位对抗蠕虫寄生虫。这些细胞对蠕虫抗原和蠕虫引起的损伤做出快速而有力的反应，产生必需的细胞因子、趋化因子、类二十烷酸和组胺，以激活受损的上皮并招募其他效应细胞。因此，更好地了解这些细胞如何运作对于了解宿主在蠕虫感染期间如何保护自身至关重要。
The complexity of helminth macroparasites is reflected in the intricate network of host cell types that participate in the Type 2 immune response needed to battle these organisms. In this context, adaptive T helper 2 cells and the Type 2 cytokines interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, IL-9 and IL-13 have been the focus of research for years, but recent work has demonstrated that the innate immune system plays an essential role. Some innate immune cells that promote Type 2 immunity are relatively abundant, such as macrophages and eosinophils. However, we now appreciate that more rare cell types including group 2 innate lymphoid cells, basophils, mast cells and dendritic cells make significant contributions to these responses. These cells are found at low frequency but they are specialized to their roles – located at sites such as the skin, lung and gut, where the host combats helminth parasites. These cells respond rapidly and robustly to worm antigens and worm-induced damage to produce essential cytokines, chemokines, eicosanoids and histamine to activate damaged epithelium and to recruit other effectors. Thus, a greater understanding of how these cells operate is essential to understanding how the host protects itself during helminth infection.