Lignicolous freshwater fungi along a north-south latitudinal gradient in the Asian/Australian region; can we predict the impact of global warming on biodiversity and function?
Lignicolous freshwater fungi along a north-south latitudinal gradient in the Asian/Australian region; can we predict the impact of global warming on biodiversity and function?
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DOI：
10.1016/j.funeco.2015.07.002
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发表时间：
2016-02-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Xu, Jianchu
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hyde, Kevin D.;Fryar, Sally;Xu, Jianchu
真菌在溪流中沉水木材的分解、木质纤维素的分解和营养物质的释放中起着关键作用，在生态系统功能中也很重要。这些木材腐朽真菌被称为淡水木栖真菌，通常通过收集淹没的木质凋落物，然后在潮湿的室内培养来研究。本文介绍了淡水木栖真菌的种类、腐解机制、作用和生理特性。亚洲/澳大拉西亚的木栖淡水真菌已经比较好的调查，使他们的分布沿着纬度样带的帐户。与淡水叶栖真菌不同，它们在赤道附近的水体中的多样性更大，这表明它们对热带地区腐烂的沉水木材很重要。河岸植被、污染等干扰、溪流干涸和研究方法等都可能影响淡水木栖真菌的多样性，但总体趋势是热带和亚热带的多样性较高。气候变化、人类活动造成的木质残体沉积增加以及环境因素（如水污染和水坝建设）的改变将影响淡水木栖真菌。淡水真菌群落的多样性、结构和活动将发生变化，这将对水生生态系统，特别是对养分和碳循环产生重大影响。有一个很好的机会来监测淡水真菌群落沿着纬度（北到南）和栖息地梯度（从人类干扰到自然栖息地）的变化，并研究生态阈值和这种变化的后果，特别是其对淡水系统中的营养和碳循环的反馈。(C)2015 Elsevier Ltd和英国真菌学会。All rights reserved.
Fungi play a key role in decomposition of submerged wood in streams, breaking down lignocelluloses and releasing nutrients, and are important in ecosystem functioning. These wood decay fungi are known as freshwater lignicolous fungi and are usually studied by collecting submerged woody litter, followed by incubation in a moist chamber. This review explains what are freshwater lignicolous fungi, their decay mechanisms, roles and physiological attributes. Asian/Australasian lignicolous freshwater fungi have been relatively well-surveyed and enable an account of their distribution along a latitudinal transect. Unlike freshwater leaf-dwelling fungi their diversity in water bodies is greater towards the Equator which suggests they are important for decaying submerged wood in the tropics. Riparian vegetation, disturbances such as pollution, streams drying and study methods, may all affect the diversity of freshwater lignicolous fungi, however, the overall trend is a higher diversity in the tropics and subtropics. Climate changes together with increasing deposition of woody debris from human activities, and alteration of environmental factors (such as water pollution, and dam building) will impact freshwater lignicolous fungi. Changing diversity, structure and activities of freshwater fungal communities can be expected, which will significantly impact on aquatic ecosystems, particularly on nutrient and carbon cycles. There is a great opportunity to monitor changes in freshwater fungi communities along latitudinal (north to south) and habitat gradients (from human disturbed to natural habitats), and study ecological thresholds and consequences of such changes, particularly its feedback on nutrient and carbon cycles in freshwater systems. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd and The British Mycological Society. All rights reserved.