Effect of variety and preservation method of cassava leaves on diet digestibility by indigenous and improved pigs
Effect of variety and preservation method of cassava leaves on diet digestibility by indigenous and improved pigs
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DOI：
10.1079/asc41560319
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发表时间：
2005-06-01
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影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Ogle, RB
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Borin, K;Lindberg, JE;Ogle, RB
对短期（ST）和长期（LT）品种的木薯叶进行了消化率和氮平衡研究，这些木薯叶通过晒干和研磨成粉或通过青贮来保存。将木薯叶粉和青贮叶（分别为471和373 g/kg总膳食干物质）与棕榈糖浆和棕榈油混合，分别得到实验膳食CLM和CLS。四芒菜（MC）（17.2（s.e. 2.61）kg）和4个长白猪×约克郡（LxY）（41.5（s.e. 2.12）kg）雄性去势猪。试验采用2 × 2 × 2析因设计，以品种、木薯品种和加工方法为因子，测定了ST木薯鲜叶中HCN的含量（545毫克/千克干物质）和LT（408 mg/kg DM）的品种晒干后分别减少0.63和0.33倍，青贮后分别减少0.78和0.77倍。干物质、粗蛋白质、有机质、中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维和粗纤维的摄入量，CLM组显著高于CLS组（P <0.001）。加工方法与品种对粗纤维摄入量存在交互作用（P < 0.05）。全消化道表观消化率系数（CTB），CLS组显著高于CLM组（P < 0. 05）。001)NDF和ADF含量显著高于对照组（P < 0.01）。MC猪对ADF和CF的消化率显著高于LxY猪（P <0.01和P < 0.001），但对其他营养物质和DM的消化率差异不显著（P > 0.05）。ADF消化率存在品种间互作效应，CF消化率存在品种间互作效应（P < 0.01）。日氮摄入量和粪氮量显著高于对照组（P < 0. 05）。001)而不是CLS。尿氮含量CLS组显著低于CLM组（P < 0.05），LxY组显著低于MC组（P < 0.001）。氮利用率（单位采食量氮存留量）CLS显著高于CLM（P < 0.001），LxY显著高于MC（P < 0.001）。因此，青贮比晒干能更有效地降低再生后60 d木薯叶片中HCN的含量，并能提高干物质和饲料成分的消化率。然而，青贮饲料的体积限制了摄入量。MC猪消化膳食纤维更有效地比L × Y猪，而L × Y猪利用氮更有效地比MC猪。
Digestibility and nitrogen (N) balance studies were carried out on the leaves of short-term (ST) and long-term (LT) varieties of cassava, preserved by sun-drying and grinding into a meal or by ensiling. The cassava leaf meal and ensiled leaves (471 and 373 g/kg total diet dry matter, respectively) were mixed with palm syrup and palm oil, to give the experimental diets CLM and CLS, respectively. Four Mong Cai (MC) (17.2 (s.e. 2.61) kg) and four Landrace x Yorkshire (LxY) (41.5 (s.e. 2.12) kg) male castrate pigs were used. The experiment was designed as a 2 x 2 x 2 factorial, with breed, cassava variety and processing method as factors.The hydrogen cyanide (HCN) levels of the fresh cassava leaves of ST (545 mg/kg dry matter (DM)) and LT (408 mg/kg DM) varieties were reduced by proportionately 0.63 and 0.33, respectively, after sun-drying and by 0.78 and 0.77, respectively, after ensiling. Intake was higher for DM, crude protein (CP) and organic matter (OM) (P < 0.001) and neutral- and acid-detergent fibre (NDF and ADF) and crude fibre (CF) (P < 0.01) in CLM than in CLS. There was a breed by processing method interaction for CF intake (P < 0.05). The coefficient of total tract apparent digestibility (CTTAD) was higher in CLS than in CLM for DM, CP, OM and CF (P < 0(.)001) and NDF and ADF (P < 0.01). The MC pigs digested ADF (P < 0.01) and CF (P < 0.001) more effectively than LxY pigs but there was no difference (P > 0.05) in the digestibility of other nutrients or DM. There was a breed by cassava variety interaction for ADF digestibility and breed by processing method for CF digestibility (P < 0.01). Daily N intake and faecal N were higher (P < 0(.)001) in CLM than in CLS. Urinary N was lower in CLS than in CLM (P < 0.05) and in LxY than in MC pigs (P < 0.001). N utilization (N retained per unit intake) was higher for CLS than CLM (P < 0.001) and in LxY than in MC pigs (P < 0.001). It is concluded that ensiling is a more effective method than sun-drying for reducing HCN in cassava leaves after 60 days re-growth, and also results in higher digestibility of DM and dietary components than sun-drying. However, the bulkiness of the silage limits intake. The MC pigs digested dietary fibre more efficiently than the L x Y pigs, whereas the L x Y pigs utilized N more efficiently than the MC pigs.