Biogenic production of DMSP and its degradation to DMS-their roles in the global sulfur cycle
Biogenic production of DMSP and its degradation to DMS-their roles in the global sulfur cycle
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DMSP 的生物生产及其降解为 DMS - 它们在全球硫循环中的作用
DOI：
10.1007/s11427-018-9524-y
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发表时间：
2019
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Todd Jonathan D
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Zhang Xiao Hua;Liu Ji;Liu Jingli;Yang Guipeng;Xue Chun Xu;Curson Andrew R J;Todd Jonathan D
二甲基硫（DMS）是地球海洋中最丰富的挥发性硫，主要由二甲基磺基丙酸酯（DMSP）的酶促裂解产生。DMS和DMSP在驱动全球硫循环中起着重要作用，并可能影响气候。DMSP被提议用作渗透剂、放牧威慑物、信号分子、抗氧化剂、冷冻保护剂和/或作为过量硫的汇。长期以来，人们一直认为只有海洋真核生物，如浮游植物才能产生DMSP。然而，我们最近发现海洋异养细菌也可以产生DMSP，使其成为DMSP的潜在重要来源。目前，已鉴定出一种原核和两种真核DMSP合成酶。海洋异养细菌可能是DMSP的主要降解者，其降解途径有两种：去甲基化和裂解。许多浮游植物和一些真菌也能裂解DMSP。到目前为止，已经鉴定了七种不同的原核和一种真核DMSP裂解酶。本文综述了DMSP和DMS在全球的分布格局、DMSP的生物合成和裂解基因以及这些重要的有机硫分子的生理生态功能，有助于加深对DMSP和DMS产生机制及其在环境中作用的认识。
Dimethyl sulfide (DMS) is the most abundant form of volatile sulfur in Earth’s oceans, and is mainly produced by the enzymatic clevage of dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP). DMS and DMSP play important roles in driving the global sulfur cycle and may affect climate. DMSP is proposed to serve as an osmolyte, a grazing deterrent, a signaling molecule, an antioxidant, a cryoprotectant and/or as a sink for excess sulfur. It was long believed that only marine eukaryotes such as phytoplankton produce DMSP. However, we recently discovered that marine heterotrophic bacteria can also produce DMSP, making them a potentially important source of DMSP. At present, one prokaryotic and two eukaryotic DMSP synthesis enzymes have been identified. Marine heterotrophic bacteria are likely the major degraders of DMSP, using two known pathways: demethylation and cleavage. Many phytoplankton and some fungi can also cleave DMSP. So far seven different prokaryotic and one eukaryotic DMSP lyases have been identified. This review describes the global distribution pattern of DMSP and DMS, the known genes for biosynthesis and cleavage of DMSP, and the physiological and ecological functions of these important organosulfur molecules, which will improve understanding of the mechanisms of DMSP and DMS production and their roles in the environment.