Epidemic obesity: are genetic factors involved via increased rates of assortative mating?
Epidemic obesity: are genetic factors involved via increased rates of assortative mating?
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DOI：
10.1038/sj.ijo.0801135
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发表时间：
2000-03-01
影响因子：
4.9
通讯作者：
Remschmidt, H
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hebebrand, J;Wulftange, H;Remschmidt, H
目的：在过去二十年中，一些国家的肥胖患病率一直在上升，主要是能量摄入和消耗的长期变化被认为是肥胖率上升的原因；由于这种现象最近才出现，遗传因素尚未被考虑在内。我们假设遗传因素很可能通过肥胖个体之间选择性交配率的增加而参与其中。我们推测，最近对肥胖个体的社会污名化的高涨是推测的选择性交配增加的基础。设计：为了为我们的假设积累证据，我们分析了极端肥胖儿童和青少年父母之间推断的选型交配率，他们属于两个不同的大型研究组（n = 201和n = 270）。为此，我们根据(a)测量的当前身高和体重，(b)自我报告的当前身高和体重，以及(c)分别在20岁和30岁时测量的当前身高和回忆体重来计算父母体重指数（bmi）。确定BMI百分位数，然后将其归因于各自的BMI十分位数。在父亲和母亲BMI十分位数的双变量直方图中评估推断出的选型交配率。结果：高比率的分类交配被观察到，从二元直方图推断，这揭示了一个相当一致的模式。因此，在第一个研究小组中，近35%的父母的体重指数在十分之一；超过50%的父母的身体质量指数都在前十分之一。在20岁和30岁时，被召回的父母BMls也聚集在上十分位数。这些结果基本上在第二个研究小组中得到了重复。此外，对于BMI等于或超过以人口为基础的年龄和性别匹配的对照组的最高BMI的儿童和青少年亚组，第十十分位的父母负荷更高。结论：我们的研究结果表明，在1995年至1997年间确定的极度肥胖儿童和青少年的父母中，选型交配很常见。此外，对于最肥胖的儿童来说，父母对十分之一的负担最为突出。尽管我们无法记录下选择性交配率的增加，但我们将我们的结果解释为与以下假设一致：选择性交配率的增加导致了最近几个国家肥胖率的上升。因此，选型交配值得进一步研究，以评估其通过遗传和非遗传机制对肥胖患病率的影响。我们的研究结果表明，选择性交配可能会特别增加极端肥胖的发生率。
OBJECTIVE: Prevalence rates of obesity have been increasing in several countries over the past two decades, Mainly secular changes in energy intake and expenditure have been invoked to underly the increasing rates; genetic factors have not been considered because of the very recency of this phenomenon. We hypothesize that genetic factors might very well be involved via an increased rate of assortative mating between obese individuals. We speculate that the recent upsurge in social stigmatization of obese individuals underlies the hypothesized increase in assortative mating.DESIGN: To accumulate evidence for our hypothesis we analysed deduced rates of assortative mating among parents of extremely obese children and adolescents, who belonged to two different large study groups (n = 201 and n = 270). For this purpose we calculated parental body mass indices (BMIs) based on (a) measured current heights and weights, (b) self-reported current heights and weights, and finally (c) measured current heights and recalled weights at ages 20 and 30, respectively. BMI centiles were determined which in turn were attributed to the respective BMI decile. Deduced rates of assortative mating were evaluated in bivariate histograms of the paternal and maternal BMI deciles.RESULTS: High rates of assortative mating were observed as deduced from the bivariate histograms, which revealed a fairly consistent pattern. Thus, in the first study group almost 35% of the parental pairs had a BMI in the tenth decile; over 50% of the mothers and fathers had a BMI in this top decile. Recalled parental BMls at ages 20 and 30 also clustered in the upper decile. These results were basically replicated in the second study group. In addition, parental loading on the tenth decile was shown to be higher for the subgroup of children and adolescents who had a BMI equal to or exceeding the highest BMI of the population-based age and gender matched control group.CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that assortative mating is common among parents of extremely obese children and adolescents, ascertained between 1995 and '1997. In addition, the parental loading on the tenth decile is most prominent for the most obese children. Whereas we are unable to document an increased rate of assortative mating, we interpret our results as being consistent with the hypothesis that an increased rate of assortative mating has contributed to the recent rise in obesity rates in several countries. Thus, assortative mating warrants further studies to assess its impact on obesity prevalence rates through both genetic and non-genetic mechanisms. Our results suggest that assortative mating might especially increase the rates for extreme obesity.