Heparan sulfate proteoglycans: structure, protein interactions and cell signaling
Heparan sulfate proteoglycans: structure, protein interactions and cell signaling
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DOI：
10.1590/s0001-37652009000300007
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发表时间：
2009-09-01
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影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Nader, Helena B.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Dreyfuss, Juliana L.;Regatieri, Caio V.;Nader, Helena B.
硫酸乙酰肝素蛋白聚糖普遍存在于所有动物的细胞表面和细胞外基质中。本文将重点介绍硫酸肝素蛋白聚糖的结构特征，这些结构特征与蛋白质相互作用导致细胞信号传导有关。硫酸肝素链由于其巨大的结构多样性，能够与多种蛋白质结合并相互作用，如生长因子、趋化因子、形态因子、细胞外基质成分、酶等。无论是多糖链的精细结构还是精确的蛋白质基序，硫酸肝素与靶蛋白的相互作用都具有特异性。硫酸乙酰肝素作为不同配体的受体或共受体在细胞信号传导中发挥作用，下游途径的激活与不同细胞质蛋白的磷酸化直接或涉及导致基因调控的细胞骨架相互作用有关。还讨论了硫酸肝素蛋白聚糖在细胞信号传导和内吞摄取途径中的作用。
Heparan sulfate proteoglycans are ubiquitously found at the cell surface and extracellular matrix in all the animal species. This review will focus on the structural characteristics of the heparan sulfate proteoglycans related to protein interactions leading to cell signaling. The heparan sulfate chains due to their vast structural diversity are able to bind and interact with a wide variety of proteins, such as growth factors, chemokines, morphogens, extracellular matrix components, enzymes, among others. There is a specificity directing the interactions of heparan sulfates and target proteins, regarding both the fine structure of the polysaccharide chain as well precise protein motifs. Heparan sulfates play a role in cellular signaling either as receptor or co-receptor for different ligands, and the activation of downstream pathways is related to phosphorylation of different cytosolic proteins either directly or involving cytoskeleton interactions leading to gene regulation. The role of the heparan sulfate proteoglycans in cellular signaling and endocytic uptake pathways is also discussed.