The Survival Advantage: Underlying Mechanisms and Extant Limitations
The Survival Advantage: Underlying Mechanisms and Extant Limitations
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生存优势：基本机制和现有局限性
DOI：
10.1177/147470491501300204
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发表时间：
2016-03-09
影响因子：
1.5
通讯作者：
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
最近，研究人员开始研究记忆在我们进化史中的作用。根据Nairne及其同事（例如，），学习不相关单词列表的最佳记忆策略可能是解决我们更新世祖先面临的相同问题的策略：与健康相关的问题，包括确保食物和水，以及保护自己免受捕食者的伤害。生存处理已经被证明比许多众所周知的记忆策略（例如，愉悦度等级、图像、生成等）。然而，生存优势并不适用于所有类型的刺激和任务。目前的审查提出了研究，复制了原始的发现，除了研究设计，未能复制生存优势。换句话说，在某些特定的操作中，生存处理似乎并不比其他策略更有利于记忆。生存优势的潜在机制进行了描述，强调那些是最合理的。这些近似机制概述了可能有助于优势的记忆过程，尽管最终机制可能是生存情景和更新世问题解决之间的一致性。
Recently, researchers have begun to investigate the function of memory in our evolutionary history. According to Nairne and colleagues (e.g.,), the best mnemonic strategy for learning lists of unrelated words may be one that addresses the same problems that our Pleistocene ancestors faced: fitness-relevant problems including securing food and water, as well as protecting themselves from predators. Survival processing has been shown to promote better recall and recognition memory than many well-known mnemonic strategies (e.g., pleasantness ratings, imagery, generation, etc.). However, the survival advantage does not extend to all types of stimuli and tasks. The current review presents research that has replicated original findings, in addition to the research designs that fail to replicate the survival advantage. In other words, there are specific manipulations in which survival processing does not appear to benefit memory any more than other strategies. Potential mechanisms for the survival advantage are described, with an emphasis on those that are the most plausible. These proximate mechanisms outline the memory processes that may contribute to the advantage, although the ultimate mechanism may be the congruity between the survival scenario and Pleistocene problem-solving.