Seasonality change and the third millennium BP rainforest crisis in southern Cameroon (Central Africa)

Seasonality change and the third millennium BP rainforest crisis in southern Cameroon (Central Africa)
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喀麦隆南部(中非)的季节性变化和第三个千年 BP 雨林危机

DOI:
10.1016/j.yqres.2008.12.002
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发表时间:
2009
影响因子:
2.3
通讯作者:
J. Maley
J. Maley
中科院分区:
地球科学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Ngomanda;K. Neumann;A. Schweizer ;J. Maley

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中非热带雨林的第三个千年BP危机没有得到充分的理解。大多数花粉剖面分辨率低,校正曲线平台大,加剧了这一事件的准确测年,其原因气候参数也存在争议。我们提供了喀麦隆南部热带雨林沼泽遗址Nyabessan的高分辨率花粉剖面,覆盖了3100-2300年BP期间。在公元3100至2500年间,气候有利于形成以凯撒松科和洛菲拉为特色的地区常绿森林,以及当地的拉菲亚沼泽林。2500/2400年代前后,成熟林和沼泽林类群显著减少,拓荒者增多,表明热带雨林受到严重干扰,被次生建造所取代。东方特雷玛是一种很好地适应季节性干旱的先驱,它的主导地位表明,2500年后的季节性要明显得多,这似乎与北半球冬季月份ITCZ的南移有关。我们认为,公元2500年至公元2200年之间的热带雨林危机为农业创造了有利条件,并为讲班图语的人口的大规模扩张铺平了道路。
The third millennium BP crisis of the central African rainforest is not sufficiently understood. The low resolution of most pollen profiles and a large plateau of the calibration curve aggravate the exact dating of the event, and its causal climatic parameters are debated. We present a high-resolution pollen profile from the swamp site Nyabessan in the southern Cameroonian rainforest, covering the period 3100-2300 cal yr BP. Between 3100 and 2500 cal yr BP, the climate was favourable for a regional evergreen forest with Caesalpiniaceae and Lophira and a local Raphia swamp forest. Around 2500/2400 cal yr BP, a significant decrease of mature forest and swamp forest taxa and an increase of pioneers indicate that the rain forest was seriously disturbed and replaced by secondary formations. The dominance of Trema orientalis, a pioneer well adapted to seasonal desiccation, points to a much more accentuated seasonality after 2500 cal yr BP, which seems to be linked to a southwards shift of the ITCZ during the northern hemisphere winter months. We propose that the rain forest crisis between 2500 and 2200 cal BP created favourable conditions for farming and paved the way for a major expansion of Bantu speaking populations.
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