Ecological theory and community restoration ecology
Ecological theory and community restoration ecology
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DOI：
10.1046/j.1526-100x.1997.00543.x
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发表时间：
1997-12-01
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
Poff, NL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Palmer, MA;Ambrose, RF;Poff, NL
群落生态学理论对恢复生态学的发展具有重要意义。不仅恢复的实践将受益于对理论的日益关注，而且社区生态学的基础研究也将受益。我们提出了几个主要的主题问题，从社区生态理论的角度来看，恢复相关，并为每一个，确定具体领域，迫切需要进一步研究，以推进恢复生态学。我们问，从社区生态学的角度来看，什么是适当的恢复终点？在社区一级衡量恢复的问题，特别是考虑到大多数自然社区固有的高度可变性，并不容易，可能需要侧重于社区功能的恢复（例如，营养结构），而不是专注于特定物种的恢复。我们问，什么是使用物种组成或生物多样性措施作为恢复生态学的终点的好处和局限性？由于几乎不可能重建所有的本地物种，因此需要研究恢复地点的物种丰富度与群落稳定性之间的关系，以及区域殖民者池中物种之间的功能冗余。“旨在恢复系统功能的努力必须考虑到个别物种的作用，特别是如果某些物种在处理材料方面发挥不成比例的作用或具有很强的相互作用。我们要问，恢复栖息地是重建物种和功能的充分途径吗？许多未经检验的假设之间的关系的物理栖息地结构和恢复生态学正在实际的恢复工作。我们需要对这些假设进行严格的检验，特别是要确定它们在多大程度上适用于不同的类群和栖息地。我们问，在何种程度上可以经验和理论工作的社区演替和扩散有助于恢复生态学？我们区分继承理论可能广泛适用的制度和可能不适用的制度。如果社区发展是高度可预测的，它可能是可行的操纵自然演替过程，以加速恢复。最后，我们强调，恢复生态学的科学是如此交织在一起的基本生态理论，实际的恢复工作应该在很大程度上依赖于什么是已知的理论和实证研究，社区如何发展，并随着时间的推移结构。
Community ecological theory may play an important role in the development of a science of restoration ecology. Not only will the practice of restoration benefit from an increased focus on theory, but basic research in community ecology will also benefit. We pose several major thematic questions that are relevant to restoration from the perspective of community ecological theory and, for each, identify specific areas that are in critical need of further research to advance the science of restoration ecology. We ask, what are appropriate restoration endpoints from a community ecology perspective? The problem of measuring restoration at the community level, particularly given the high amount of variability inherent in most natural communities, is not easy, and may require a focus on restoration of community function (e.g., trophic structure) rather than a focus on the restoration of particular species. We ask, what are the benefits and limitations of using species composition or biodiversity measures as endpoints in restoration ecology? Since reestablishing all native species may rarely be possible, research is needed on the relationship between species richness and community stability of restored sites and on functional redundancy among species in regional colonist "pools." Efforts targeted at restoring system function must take into account the role of individual species, particularly if some species play a disproportionate role in processing material or are strong interactors. We ask, is restoration of habitat a sufficient approach to reestablish species and function? Many untested assumptions concerning the relationship between physical habitat structure and restoration ecology are being made in practical restoration efforts. We need rigorous testing of these assumptions, particularly to determine how generally they apply to different taxa and habitats. We ask, to what extent can empirical and theoretical work on community succession and dispersal contribute to restoration ecology? We distinguish systems in which succession theory may be broadly applicable from those in which it is probably not. If community development is highly predictable, it may be feasible to manipulate natural succession processes to accelerate restoration. We close by stressing that the science of restoration ecology is so intertwined with basic ecological theory that practical restoration efforts should rely heavily on what is known from theoretical and empirical research on how communities develop and are structured over time.