Ecotoxicity of fluvial sediments downstream of the Ajka red mud spill, Hungary
Ecotoxicity of fluvial sediments downstream of the Ajka red mud spill, Hungary
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DOI：
10.1039/c2em30155e
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发表时间：
2012-08-01
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Gruiz, Katalin
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Klebercz, Orsolya;Mayes, William M.;Gruiz, Katalin
在匈牙利西部的Marcal河流域（3078 km（2）），河流沉积物的生物活性和生态毒性的综合评估，介绍了在阿伊卡的铝土矿加工残渣（赤泥）意外泄漏后。受赤泥污染的沉积物的特征是pH值升高，微量元素浓度升高（如As，Co，Cr，V），高交换性Na，并在一系列营养水平上对测试物种产生不利影响。虽然河流系统的背景污染突出了一些测试物种在未受赤泥影响的网站上的不利影响，最明显的毒性作用明显的弧菌fischeri生物发光抑制，浮萍小生物测定和白芥根和芽的生长发生在较低的托尔纳河和上马卡尔的赤泥沉积热点。Heterocypris incongruens生物测定显示没有明确的模式，虽然最红泥丰富的网站不施加不利影响。然而，与未受影响的沉积物和参考地点相比，赤泥似乎确实诱导了好氧和兼性厌氧细菌群落密度的增加。考虑到泄漏的物质量，令人鼓舞的是，在相对少数的地点可以看到红泥对水生生物群的影响。石膏影响的样品似乎会引起一些生物测定（白芥和异花芥）的不利影响，这可能是一个特点，细粒度，有限的营养供应和更大的可用性的痕量污染物的渠道达到受到强烈的石膏剂量。泄漏的监测和管理的影响进行了讨论。
An integrated assessment of biological activity and ecotoxicity of fluvial sediments in the Marcal river catchment (3078 km(2)), western Hungary, is presented following the accidental spill of bauxite processing residue (red mud) in Ajka. Red mud contaminated sediments are characterised by elevated pH, elevated trace element concentrations (e.g. As, Co, Cr, V), high exchangeable Na, and induce an adverse effect on test species across a range of trophic levels. While background contamination of the river system is highlighted by adverse effects on some test species at sites unaffected by red mud, the most pronounced toxic effects apparent in Vibrio fischeri bioluminescence inhibition, Lemna minor bioassay and Sinapis alba root and shoot growth occur at red mud depositional hotspots in the lower Torna Creek and upper Marcal. Heterocypris incongruens bioassays show no clear patterns, although the most red mud-rich sites do exert an adverse effect. Red mud does however appear to induce an increase in the density of aerobic and facultative anaerobic bacterial communities when compared with unaffected sediments and reference sites. Given the volume of material released in the spill, it is encouraging that the signal of the red mud on aquatic biota is visible at a relatively small number of sites. Gypsum-affected samples appear to induce an adverse effect in some bioassays (Sinapis alba and Heterocypris incongruens), which may be a feature of fine grain size, limited nutrient supply and greater availability of trace contaminants in the channel reaches that are subject to intense gypsum dosing. Implications for monitoring and management of the spill are discussed.