More status or more children? Social status, fertility reduction, and long-term fitness
More status or more children? Social status, fertility reduction, and long-term fitness
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DOI：
10.1016/s1090-5138(99)00011-2
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发表时间：
1999-07-01
影响因子：
5.1
通讯作者：
Kessler, KL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Boone, JL;Kessler, KL
提出了一个模型，该模型表明，人类生育率下降可以解释为进化战略的一部分，该战略旨在最大限度地保持长期健康，以应对导致人口崩溃的周期性灾难。要使这一模型可信，必须满足三个条件：(1)人类人口历史的特征是局部增长期，其间不时出现气候导致的资源短缺等灾难造成的崩溃；(2)个体可以采取一种战略，增加在崩溃中生存的可能性，但要实施这一战略，需要将资源从生产更多后代的资源中转移出来；以及(3)在危机中提高存活率的长期健康收益必须大于或等于将相同资源投入到更高生育率中所累积的健康收益。我们提出了一个模型，该模型表明，即使危机既不是非常频繁也不是特别严重，生存能力的增加也可能超过更高生育率的好处。(C)1999年爱思唯尔科学公司。
A model is presented that shows that reduced fertility in humans can be explained as part of an evolved strategy to maximize long-term fitness in the face of periodic calamities that result in demographic crashes. Three conditions must be met for this model to be plausible: (1) human population history has been characterized by local periods of growth punctuated by recurrent crashes caused by calamities such as climatically induced resource shortfalls; (2) a strategy is available to individuals that increases the probability of survival through a crash, but that, to implement, requires diverting resources away from producing more offspring; and (3) long-term fitness benefits to increased survivorship through a crisis must outweigh or equal the fitness benefits that would accrue to putting the same resources into higher fertility, We present a model that shows that increases in survivorship can outweigh the benefits of higher fertility even if crises are neither very frequent nor particularly severe. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Inc.