Behavior at Habitat Boundaries Can Produce Leptokurtic Movement Distributions
Behavior at Habitat Boundaries Can Produce Leptokurtic Movement Distributions
复制标题
栖息地边界的行为可以产生尖峰运动分布
作者：
J. Morales
越来越多的人认识到，行为生态学应与景观生态学相结合，以便更好地了解景观属性对种群的影响(利马和佐尔纳1996年；罗特伯格和曼格尔1997年；佐尔纳和利马1999年；莫拉莱斯和埃尔纳2002年)。特别是，运动行为影响个体在空间中重新分布自己的方式，因此有可能影响许多生态过程(Kareiva 1990；Tilman和Kareiva 1997；Turchin 1998)。其中许多概念来自理论研究，在这些研究中，景观被认为是同质的，栖息地斑块或空间点之间的连通性要么是固定的，要么是距离的简单函数。然而，景观生态学丰富地描述了可能影响运动的土地覆盖类型和空间格局(特纳·；维恩斯等人)。1993年；Gustafson和Gardner 1996年)。景观基质中不同生境斑块的空间排列如何影响个体的运动，目前还不是很清楚。栖息地边界上的行为进一步复杂化了异质景观中的运动建模。栖息地边界可能会偏向转向行为，降低边缘对分散动物的渗透性(Stamps等人。1987)。这反过来又会影响物种间的相互作用(Remer和Hed，1998；Fagan等人。走廊使用和分散(Tischendorf和Wissel，1997；Haddad，1999；Kindvall，1999；Schultz和Crone，2001)。了解栖息地边缘如何改变生态过程被认为是
There is increasing recognition that behavioral ecology should be integrated with landscape ecology for a better understanding of the effects of landscape properties on populations (Lima and Zollner 1996; Roitberg and Mangel 1997; Zollner and Lima 1999; Morales and Ellner 2002). In particular, movement behavior affects the way in which individuals redistribute themselves over space and thus has the potential to affect many ecological processes (Kareiva 1990; Tilman and Kareiva 1997; Turchin 1998). Many of these notions come from theoretical studies where the landscape is considered to be homogeneous and connectivity between habitat patches or points in space is either fixed or a simple function of distance. However, landscape ecology is rich in descriptions of land-cover types and spatial patterns that may affect movement (Turner 1989; Wiens et al. 1993; Gustafson and Gardner 1996). It is not well understood how the spatial arrangement of different habitat patches in the landscape matrix affects the movement of individuals. Behavior at habitat boundaries further complicates modeling movement in heterogeneous landscapes. Habitat boundaries may bias turning behavior, reducing permeability of edges to dispersing animals (Stamps et al. 1987). This in turn can affect species interactions (Remer and Heard 1998; Fagan et al. 1999), corridor use, and dispersal (Tischendorf and Wissel 1997; Haddad 1999; Kindvall 1999; Schultz and Crone 2001). Understanding how habitat edges alter ecological processes is believed to be of