Assessing oral malignancies.
Assessing oral malignancies.
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DOI：
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发表时间：
2002-04
影响因子：
4
通讯作者：
M. Weinberg;Denise J. Estefan
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
M. Weinberg;Denise J. Estefan
口腔癌约占美国所有癌症病例的3%。据估计，今年将有3万人被诊断出患有口腔癌，其中约一半最终将死于这种疾病。口腔癌最常见的类型是鳞状细胞癌。尽管医生和牙医经常检查口腔，但60%的口腔癌在被发现时已经是晚期了。口腔癌的两个最重要的危险因素是吸烟和大量饮酒。降低死亡率的关键是预防和控制。任何口内或口外的异常或病变越早被发现和活检，就能挽救更多的生命。筛查项目是否能有效降低死亡率存在争议。应遵循具体的分步指南，对头部和颈部进行充分检查。
Oral cancers account for approximately 3 percent of all cases of cancer in the United States. An estimated 30,000 people will be diagnosed with oral cancer this year, and about one half of them will eventually die of the disease. The most common type of oral cancer is squamous cell carcinoma. Sixty percent of oral cancers are well advanced by the time they are detected, even though physicians and dentists frequently examine the oral cavity. The two most important risk factors for oral cancer are tobacco use and heavy alcohol consumption. The keys to reducing mortality are prevention and control. The earlier any intraoral or extraoral abnormalities or lesions are detected and biopsied, the more lives can be saved. Controversy exists whether screening programs effectively reduce the mortality rate. Specific step-by-step guidelines should be followed to perform an adequate examination of the head and neck.