Rapid pre-eruptive mush reorganisation and atmospheric volatile emissions from the 12.9 ka Laacher See eruption, determined using apatite

Rapid pre-eruptive mush reorganisation and atmospheric volatile emissions from the 12.9 ka Laacher See eruption, determined using apatite
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使用磷灰石测定的 12.9 ka Laacher See 喷发的喷发前浆体快速重组和大气挥发物排放

DOI:
10.1016/j.epsl.2021.117198
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发表时间:
2021
影响因子:
5.3
通讯作者:
Humphreys M
Humphreys M
中科院分区:
地球科学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Humphreys M

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岩浆通常被认为是储存在垂直广泛的地壳储存区域内的富含晶体的糊状物。一个关键的未知数是如何重新动员和喷发这种富含晶体的物质,以及气泡在糊状物中的生长是否会促进重新动员。为了研究这一点,我们需要改进的限制岩浆中挥发分饱和的时间。矿物磷灰石是一个潜在的有用记录喷发前的岩浆挥发分,但数据解释是复杂的,因为交换反应控制挥发分的分配。因此,模型解是非唯一的。在这里,我们提出了一个数值正演模拟程序的灵敏度分析功能,它解决了非唯一性,通过识别替代组的起始参数,通过人口的磷灰石晶体相匹配的目标成分的趋势。该模型被应用到一个新的数据集的挥发物磷灰石从12.9万年Laacher见喷发,艾菲尔火山区,德国。结果表明,岩浆最初是强烈的挥发分-欠饱和,并通过渐进的结晶分异作用达到饱和。磷灰石晶体不与其载体熔体处于挥发性或微量元素平衡,表明晶体分散到不同的化学环境中。磷灰石扩散系数的考虑表明,这种重组发生前不久爆发。我们的建模结果还使我们能够直接限制在爆发爆发过程中喷出的喷发前岩浆蒸气的量,突出了考虑卤素在岩浆储存过程中的行为的重要性。总体而言,我们的方法证实了测量磷灰石挥发分含量的价值,并强调了这种方法提供定量限制岩浆演化和储存条件的潜力。
Magma is commonly thought to be stored as a crystal-rich mush within vertically extensive, crustal storage regions. A key unknown is how to remobilise and erupt such crystal-rich material, and whether the growth of gas bubbles within the mush could promote remobilisation. In order to investigate this, we need improved constraints on the timing of volatile saturation in magmas. The mineral apatite represents a potentially useful record of pre-eruptive magmatic volatiles, but data interpretation is complex because exchange reactions control the volatile partitioning. Model solutions are therefore non-unique. Here, we present a numerical forward modelling program with a sensitivity analysis function, which addresses non-uniqueness by identifying alternative sets of starting parameters that match a target compositional trend through a population of apatite crystals. The model is applied to a new dataset of volatiles in apatite from the 12.9 ka Laacher See eruption, Eifel volcanic region, Germany. The results indicate that the magma was initially strongly volatile-undersaturated and became saturated through progressive crystal fractionation. Apatite crystals are not in volatile or trace element equilibrium with their carrier melts, indicating dispersal of crystals into different chemical environments. Consideration of apatite diffusivities suggests that this reorganisation occurred shortly before eruption. Our modelling results also allow us to constrain directly the amount of pre-eruptive magmatic vapour emitted during the explosive eruption, highlighting the importance of considering the behaviour of halogens during magma storage. Overall, our approach confirms the value of measuring apatite volatile contents and highlights the potential of this method to provide quantitative constraints on magmatic evolution and storage conditions.
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