Agent-based modelling of wind damage processes and patterns in forests
Agent-based modelling of wind damage processes and patterns in forests
复制标题
基于代理的森林风害过程和模式建模
DOI：
10.1016/j.agrformet.2019.01.020
复制
发表时间：
2019
影响因子：
6.2
通讯作者：
J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kamimura;K.;Gardiner;B.;Dupont;S.;Finnigan;J.
由强风和狂风组成的强风暴会破坏森林。因此，林业工作者需要森林经营策略，以减少损害风险。本文重点研究了在风暴期间，森林内部的损害模式，作为多个树-风动力相互作用的最终结果。计算机技术的最新发展使人们有可能模拟风暴期间复杂和动态的破坏现象，但这非常耗时。为了简化模拟，而不失去在森林中的风害的关键方面，我们引入了一个计算机模拟模型，使用基于代理的建模（ABM）技术，捕捉的现象和相互作用的个人称为“代理”。我们创建了一个ABM的森林风害模拟，耦合在一起，在森林中的阵风，树木弯曲力矩和损害传播的公认的理解。该模型进行了测试，在三个条件下的变化：树木驯化和不驯化他们的风环境;三级阵风强度;和三个植树密度。反弹道导弹能够复制损害模式，并证明森林内的损害传播和森林边缘的影响。驯化和未驯化的边缘之间的森林中的损害率的差异变得相似的阵风强度的增加，并通过减少森林的遮蔽效果的树木密度的减少。未来可透过参数化个别树木阻力的变化、阵风及风力的变化，以及加入更多有关当地环境条件（例如地形及土壤变化）及风暴特征（例如持续时间及强度）的资料，以改善ABM。
Powerful storms, consisting of strong gusts and winds, damage forests. Therefore, foresters need forest management strategies to reduce the damage risk. This paper focused on the damage patterns within the forest as the final results of multiple tree-wind dynamic interactions in time and space during a storm. Recent developments in computer technology allow for the possibility of simulating the complex and dynamic phenomena of damage during a storm but are extremely time consuming. To simplify the simulations without losing the crucial aspects of wind damage in forests, we introduced a computer simulation model using the agent-based modelling (ABM) technique, which capture the phenomena and interactions of individuals called ‘agents’. We created an ABM for forest wind damage simulation, coupling together an accepted understanding of wind gusts in forests, tree bending moments, and damage propagation. The model was tested with variations in three conditions: trees acclimated and unacclimated to their wind environment; three levels of gust strength; and three tree planting densities. The ABM was able to replicate damage patterns and demonstrate damage propagation within the forest and the effects of forest edges. The difference in the rate of damage in the forest between acclimated and unacclimated edges became similar with an increase in the gust intensity, and a decrease in tree density through a reduction in the shelter effect of the forest. The ABM could be improved in the future by parametrizing the variation in individual tree resistance, and the variation in gust and wind strength, as well as adding more information on local environmental conditions such as topography and soil variation, and storm characteristics such as duration and intensity.