The search for a hippocampal engram.
The search for a hippocampal engram.
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寻找海马印迹。
DOI：
10.1098/rstb.2013.0161
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发表时间：
2014
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Mayford,Mark
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Mayford,Mark
要了解记忆的分子和细胞变化，即记忆印记，需要识别、分离和操纵相关神经元。这给复杂形式的记忆带来了主要困难，例如依赖海马体的陈述性记忆，其中参与的神经元可能是稀疏的，在解剖学上分布，并且对每个单独的大脑和学习事件是唯一的。在本文中，我讨论了几种解决这个问题的新方法。在活体钙成像技术中，通过精确的解剖学识别，提供了一种评估大量神经元长时间活动模式的方法。这为了解大脑如何表达复杂的信息以及这种信息如何随着学习而改变提供了重要的洞察。基于神经集合的自然、感官诱发的活动以及光遗传学，对神经集合进行遗传修饰的技术的发展使得能够直接测试这些集合的编码功能。这些方法提供了一种新的方法框架，可以在特定记忆所涉及的神经元水平上研究复杂形式的学习机制。
Understanding the molecular and cellular changes that underlie memory, the engram, requires the identification, isolation and manipulation of the neurons involved. This presents a major difficulty for complex forms of memory, for example hippocampus-dependent declarative memory, where the participating neurons are likely to be sparse, anatomically distributed and unique to each individual brain and learning event. In this paper, I discuss several new approaches to this problem.In vivocalcium imaging techniques provide a means of assessing the activity patterns of large numbers of neurons over long periods of time with precise anatomical identification. This provides important insight into how the brain represents complex information and how this is altered with learning. The development of techniques for the genetic modification of neural ensembles based on their natural, sensory-evoked, activity along with optogenetics allows direct tests of the coding function of these ensembles. These approaches provide a new methodological framework in which to examine the mechanisms of complex forms of learning at the level of the neurons involved in a specific memory.