Substance Use Prevention and Treatment Outcomes for Emerging Adults in Non-College Settings: A Meta-Analysis
Substance Use Prevention and Treatment Outcomes for Emerging Adults in Non-College Settings: A Meta-Analysis
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DOI：
10.1037/adb0000267
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发表时间：
2017-05-01
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Briley, Daniel A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Davis, Jordan P.;Smith, Douglas C.;Briley, Daniel A.
新兴成年人的酒精和毒品使用率最高，在美国的治疗入院人数中占很大比例。那些没有上过大学的人体验到了更高的使用率，可能没有上过大学的人拥有类似的优势。一项系统的综述包括调查非大学环境中初出茅庐的成年人的预防和治疗结果的研究。我们纳入了报告平均年龄在18岁到25岁之间的研究，这些研究是在大学之外进行的。我们提取了实验效果的数据(实验组与对照组相比)，并将治疗与积极干预和不干预对照组进行了对比。我们还检查了几位主持人。50项研究纳入荟萃分析，包括32项预防研究和18项治疗研究。总体而言，我们的实验加权平均效应大小在预防和治疗研究中都是d=0.17。不同治疗类型的比较通常会产生不显著的结果。在预防和治疗研究中，提供个性化反馈干预的研究存在较小的影响。仅就治疗研究而言，样本中包括的学生百分比是一个重要的调节因素。总体影响与目前对大学饮酒的荟萃分析相似。然而，个性化反馈在非大学环境中可能是一种不太有效的预防策略，该领域应该优先提高针对非大学学生的治疗有效性。
Emerging adults have the highest prevalence rate of alcohol and drug use and represent a large proportion of treatment admissions in the United States. Those who do not attend college experience higher rates of use and may not have similar advantages as those attending college. A systematic review included studies investigating prevention and treatment outcomes among emerging adults in non-college settings. We included studies reporting an average age between 18 and 25 conducted outside of college settings. We extracted data for experimental effects (experimental group compared to control), and contrasted treatments with active and no intervention controls. We also examined several moderators. Fifty studies were meta-analyzed, including 32 prevention and 18 treatment studies. Overall, our experimental weighted mean effect size was d = .17 for both prevention and treatment studies. Comparisons across treatment types typically yielded nonsignificant results. Across prevention and treatment studies, smaller effects existed for studies delivering personalized feedback interventions. For treatment studies only, the percent of students included in the sample was a significant moderator. Overall effects were similar to current meta-analyses on college drinking. However, personalized feedback may be a less effective prevention strategy in non-college settings, and the field should prioritize increasing the effectiveness of treatments targeting non-college students.