Chitosan Coagulation to Improve Microbial and Turbidity Removal by Ceramic Water Filtration for Household Drinking Water Treatment.
Chitosan Coagulation to Improve Microbial and Turbidity Removal by Ceramic Water Filtration for Household Drinking Water Treatment.
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DOI：
10.3390/ijerph13030269
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发表时间：
2016-02-27
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Sobsey MD
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Abebe LS;Chen X;Sobsey MD
多孔陶瓷过滤器在全球范围内被推广用于家庭水处理，但这些过滤器在去除水中的病毒方面效果不佳。为了提高病毒去除率，我们结合联合收割机一种有前途的天然混凝剂，壳聚糖，作为陶瓷水过滤器（CWF）的预处理，并评估这种双重屏障水处理系统的性能。壳聚糖是一种无毒和可生物降解的有机聚合物，通过简单的化学处理从甲壳素中衍生出来，甲壳素的主要来源是甲壳类海产品的剩余壳，如虾、对虾、螃蟹和龙虾。为了确定壳聚糖的有效性，模型试验水污染大肠杆菌K 011和大肠杆菌噬菌体MS 2作为模型肠道细菌和病毒，分别。高岭石粘土被用来模拟浊度。测定了3种改性壳聚糖在5 ~ 30 mg/L不同投加量下的混凝效果，并进行了絮凝沉降试验。然后将预处理的上清液水倾析到CWF中以通过过滤进行进一步处理。壳聚糖盐酸盐、醋酸盐和乳酸盐预处理后进行CWF处理可明显清除微生物，大肠埃希菌的平均降低（95% CI）在4.7（±1.56）和7.5（±0.02）log 10之间，MS 2在2.8（±0.10）和4.5（±1.04）log 10之间。用壳聚糖处理和过滤降低浊度一致地导致浊度< 1 NTU，这符合美国EPA的浊度标准和世界卫生组织（WHO）的指导。根据WHO基于健康的家庭水处理技术微生物去除目标，壳聚糖混凝实现了对病毒和细菌的健康保护目标。因此，本研究的结果支持使用壳聚糖通过增加病毒和细菌的减少来改善家庭饮用水过滤过程。
The use of porous ceramic filters is promoted globally for household water treatment, but these filters are ineffective in removing viruses from water. In order to increase virus removal, we combine a promising natural coagulant, chitosan, as a pretreatment for ceramic water filters (CWFs) and evaluate the performance of this dual barrier water treatment system. Chitosan is a non-toxic and biodegradable organic polymer derived by simple chemical treatments from chitin, a major source of which is the leftover shells of crustacean seafoods, such as shrimp, prawns, crabs, and lobsters. To determine the effectiveness of chitosan, model test water was contaminated with Escherichia coli K011 and coliphage MS2 as a model enteric bacterium and virus, respectively. Kaolinite clay was used to model turbidity. Coagulation effectiveness of three types of modified chitosans was determine at various doses ranging from 5 to 30 mg/L, followed by flocculation and sedimentation. The pre-treated supernatant water was then decanted into the CWF for further treatment by filtration. There were appreciable microbial removals by chitosan HCl, acetate, and lactate pretreatment followed by CWF treatment, with mean reductions (95% CI) between 4.7 (±1.56) and 7.5 (±0.02) log10 for Escherichia coli, and between 2.8 (±0.10) and 4.5 (±1.04) log10 for MS2. Turbidity reduction with chitosan treatment and filtration consistently resulted in turbidities < 1 NTU, which meet turbidity standards of the US EPA and guidance by the World Health Organization (WHO). According to WHO health-based microbial removal targets for household water treatment technology, chitosan coagulation achieved health protective targets for both viruses and bacteria. Therefore, the results of this study support the use of chitosan to improve household drinking water filtration processes by increasing virus and bacteria reductions.