Changes In Spring Arrival Dates of Rufous Hummingbirds (Selasphorus rufus) In Western North America In the Past Century
Changes In Spring Arrival Dates of Rufous Hummingbirds (Selasphorus rufus) In Western North America In the Past Century
复制标题
DOI：
10.1676/16-133.1
复制
发表时间：
2017-09
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
J. Courter
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
J. Courter
尽管大多数研究都是在个别地点进行的，但气温变暖与鸟类春季迁徙日期的提前有关。如果鸟类在相关的食物资源，如植物或昆虫达到关键的生命周期阶段之前或之后到达或离开，可能会出现生态问题。在这里，我比较了在俄勒冈州、华盛顿州和不列颠哥伦比亚省的八个观察点，在1895-1969和2006-2015年间，多产传粉者和长途迁徙的棕褐色蜂鸟的平均首次到达日期与北美最北端的蜂鸟繁殖地。通过北美鸟类物候计划报告了历史上的抵达人数，并使用eBird核对表根据临时入住率模式估计了最近到达的人数。结果表明，在最近一段时间内，蜂鸟在俄勒冈州的两个沿海城市分别晚8天和11天到达，在华盛顿和不列颠哥伦比亚省更内陆的北部城市提前7-17天到达。在最近一段时间内，较偏北地区的候鸟到达间隔天数减少，这表明鸟类现在的迁徙速度可能比前一段时间快。在过去的一个世纪里，该地区大部分地区的春季气温都有所上升，鸟类在春季温度较高的年份较早到达，这表明迁徙的进展与气候有关。后来在俄勒冈州沿海地区报告的最近一段时间内首次抵达的平均数量可能表明，棕色蜂鸟正在绕过沿海地区，以利用内陆迁徙路线上更可预测的条件，或者正在将繁殖范围北移，这两个概念都得到了繁殖鸟类调查数据中观察到的种群下降趋势的支持。我的结果证明了北美西部褐蜂鸟与气候有关的进步，并为气候变化对沿海和内陆环境中鸟类的生态影响的调查提供了理由。此外，我提供了一个框架，用于比较来自两个广泛和新兴的数据集的信息，以更好地理解气候变化对鸟类在广泛的空间和时间尺度上的影响。
ABSTRACT Warming temperatures have been linked to advancing spring migration dates of birds, although most studies have been conducted at individual sites. Problems may arise ecologically if birds arrive or depart before or after associated food resources such as plants or insects reach critical lifecycle stages. Here, I compare mean first arrival dates of the Rufous Hummingbird (Selasphorus rufus), a prolific pollinator and long-distance migrant with the northernmost breeding range of any North American hummingbird, between 1895–1969 and 2006–2015 at eight observation locations in Oregon, Washington, and British Columbia. Historical arrivals were reported through the North American Bird Phenology Program, and recent arrivals were estimated from temporal occupancy patterns using eBird checklists. Results indicated that hummingbirds arrived 8 and 11 days later in the recent time period in two coastal cities in Oregon and 7–17 days earlier in northern, more inland cities in Washington and British Columbia. Fewer days were noted between arrivals in more northerly areas in the recent time period suggesting that birds may now be migrating faster than in the previous time period. Spring temperatures have increased in the past century in much of this region, and birds arrived earlier in years with warmer spring temperatures to suggest that migratory advances are climate-related. Later mean first arrivals reported in coastal regions of Oregon in the recent time period may suggest that Rufous Hummingbirds are bypassing coastal areas to take advantage of more predictable conditions along inland migratory routes or are shifting their breeding ranges northward, notions both supported by declining population trends observed in Breeding Bird Survey data. My results demonstrate a climate-related advancement of Rufous Hummingbirds in western North America and provide justification for the investigation of the ecological impacts of climate change on birds in coastal vs. inland environments. In addition, I provide a framework for comparing information from two extensive and emerging datasets to better understand the impacts of climate change on birds at broad spatial and temporal scales.