Hydrogen peroxide induced by the fungicide prothioconazole triggers deoxynivalenol (DON) production by Fusarium graminearum.
Hydrogen peroxide induced by the fungicide prothioconazole triggers deoxynivalenol (DON) production by Fusarium graminearum.
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DOI：
10.1186/1471-2180-10-112
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发表时间：
2010-04-15
期刊：
影响因子：
4.2
通讯作者：
Haesaert G
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Audenaert K;Callewaert E;Höfte M;De Saeger S;Haesaert G
赤霉病是一种重要的小粒谷类作物病害，禾谷镰刀菌是其重要病原之一。它不仅导致产量和质量下降，而且从人类和动物保健的角度来看，它会产生真菌毒素，如脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇(DON)，可累积到有毒水平。外界对影响DON生产的诱因知之甚少。在本工作中，采用体内/体外相结合的方法来测试亚致死杀菌剂处理对DON生产的影响。使用灭菌灵、嘧菌酯和灭菌灵+氟虫菊酯的稀释系列，我们证明灭菌剂处理48h后，灭菌剂的亚致死剂量与DON产量的增加相一致。在利用小麦植株进行的人工感染试验中，证实了在亚致死量施药时DON水平增加的体外结果，从实用的角度说明了这些结果的意义。此外，进一步的体外实验表明，在用丙硫康唑修饰培养物后，能及时超量诱导产生过氧化氢，最快可达4h。当H_2O_2直接作用于分生孢子萌发时，观察到禾谷镰刀菌对DON产生的类似诱导作用。当过氧化氢酶与杀菌剂一起使用时，亚致死浓度的丙硫康唑对DON产量的影响完全消失。这些累积结果表明，亚致死剂量的三氮唑杀菌剂丙硫康唑诱导的过氧化氢是DON生物合成的触发器。在更广泛的框架内，这项工作清楚地表明，植物病原菌F.graminearum产生DON是真菌基因组学和外部环境触发因素相互作用的结果。
Fusarium head blight is a very important disease of small grain cereals with F. graminearum as one of the most important causal agents. It not only causes reduction in yield and quality but from a human and animal healthcare point of view, it produces mycotoxins such as deoxynivalenol (DON) which can accumulate to toxic levels. Little is known about external triggers influencing DON production. In the present work, a combined in vivo/in vitro approach was used to test the effect of sub lethal fungicide treatments on DON production. Using a dilution series of prothioconazole, azoxystrobin and prothioconazole + fluoxastrobin, we demonstrated that sub lethal doses of prothioconazole coincide with an increase in DON production 48 h after fungicide treatment. In an artificial infection trial using wheat plants, the in vitro results of increased DON levels upon sub lethal prothioconazole application were confirmed illustrating the significance of these results from a practical point of view. In addition, further in vitro experiments revealed a timely hyperinduction of H2O2 production as fast as 4 h after amending cultures with prothioconazole. When applying H2O2 directly to germinating conidia, a similar induction of DON-production by F. graminearum was observed. The effect of sub lethal prothioconazole concentrations on DON production completely disappeared when applying catalase together with the fungicide. These cumulative results suggest that H2O2 induced by sub lethal doses of the triazole fungicide prothioconazole acts as a trigger of DON biosynthesis. In a broader framework, this work clearly shows that DON production by the plant pathogen F. graminearum is the result of the interaction of fungal genomics and external environmental triggers.
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