Rape Resistance: A Critical Piece of all Women's Empowerment and Holistic Rape Prevention
Rape Resistance: A Critical Piece of all Women's Empowerment and Holistic Rape Prevention
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DOI：
10.1080/10926771.2020.1821851
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发表时间：
2020-09-21
影响因子：
1.8
通讯作者：
Ullman, Sarah E.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Ullman, Sarah E.
在生态模型中，需要许多策略和工具来帮助在风险、响应、恢复和预防方面对应性侵犯。一项全面战略应以经验研究证据为基础，并以对妇女的社会地位/社会中的性别不平等进行关键的综合分析为依据。此外，预防强奸应包括努力提高妇女避免强奸及其相关有害后果的能力。这篇文章批判性地回顾了关于强奸抵抗和自卫训练的争论和研究，以支持在一个强奸率高的社会中将强奸抵抗作为强奸预防工作的核心内容的多方面理由。与一些反对抵抗训练的论点相反，我认为强奸抵抗与其他形式的强奸预防并不相互排斥或矛盾，包括旁观者干预，后者最终也依赖于个人干预来制止性侵犯。社区责任很重要，但不应被认为比其他形式的个人和集体赋权更好，也不应足以阻止强奸。有效的方法必须包括在社会生态的多个层面上的教育、预防和行动。
In an ecological model, many strategies and tools are needed to help respond to sexual assault in terms of risk, response, recovery, and prevention. A holistic strategy should be based on empirical research evidence and informed by a critical intersectional analysis of women's social location/gender inequality in society. In addition, rape prevention should include efforts to increase women's ability to avoid rape and its associated deleterious outcomes. This article critically reviews arguments and research regarding rape resistance and self-defense training to support a multi-faceted rationale for including rape resistance as a central piece of rape prevention efforts in a society characterized by high rape rates. Contrary to some arguments against resistance training, I argue that rape resistance is not mutually exclusive or contradictory to other forms of rape prevention, including bystander intervention, which ultimately also relies on individuals to intervene to stop sexual assaults. Community responsibility is important, but should not be framed as better than other forms of individual and collective empowerment or sufficient to stop rape. An effective approach must include education, prevention, and activism at multiple levels of the social ecology.