Governing solar geoengineering research as it leaves the laboratory
Governing solar geoengineering research as it leaves the laboratory
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离开实验室后管理太阳能地球工程研究
DOI：
10.1098/rsta.2014.0173
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发表时间：
2014
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
A. Parker
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
A. Parker
地球工程政策中最大的争议之一涉及太阳辐射管理研究的下一阶段，以及何时以及如何离开实验室。一系列著名评论家援引了许多风险和担忧，呼吁推迟实地实验，直到有正式的研究治理，如国际协议。作为一项务实的政策分析，本文探讨了“研究前治理”要求的实用性和含义。它的结论是，“研究前的管理”是一个理想的目标，但在实验中的延迟-暂停-可能是一个无效的和适得其反的方式来实现这一目标。第二，即使暂时禁止实地试验是可行的，但似乎最多只能起到解决主要风险和关切的好坏参半的效果，同时阻碍和诋毁安全研究，并推迟从实践中学习中发展良好治理做法。该文件提出了一些步骤，以确保在没有国际协定或国家立法的情况下可以采取的“研究前的治理”，强调研究人员和研究资助者在制定和实施良好做法方面的作用。
One of the greatest controversies in geoengineering policy concerns the next stages of solar radiation management research, and when and how it leaves the laboratory. Citing numerous risks and concerns, a range of prominent commentators have called for field experiments to be delayed until there is formalized research governance, such as an international agreement. As a piece of pragmatic policy analysis, this paper explores the practicalities and implications of demands for ‘governance before research’. It concludes that ‘governance before research’ is a desirable goal, but that a delay in experimentation—a moratorium—would probably be an ineffective and counterproductive way to achieve it. Firstly, it is very unlikely that a moratorium could be imposed. Secondly, even if it were practicable it seems that a temporary ban on field experiments would have at best a mixed effect addressing the main risks and concerns, while blocking and stigmatizing safe research and delaying the development of good governance practices from learning by doing. The paper suggests a number of steps to ensure ‘governance before research’ that can be taken in the absence of an international agreement or national legislation, emphasizing the roles of researchers and research funders in developing and implementing good practices.