Optimizing habitat connectivity among macaque populations in modern Japan
Optimizing habitat connectivity among macaque populations in modern Japan
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DOI：
10.1111/csp2.12824
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发表时间：
2022-09-28
影响因子：
3.1
通讯作者：
Enari, Haruka S.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Enari, Hiroto;Seino, Hironori;Enari, Haruka S.
在过去的半个世纪里，现代日本全国范围内的人口减少导致了截然不同的变化：人类群落缩小，日本猕猴(Macaca Fuscata)的数量正在恢复。这些变化已经引发了猕猴对公共生计的破坏，往往导致了针对严格监管猕猴种群的决策。为了优化当今所需的保护干预措施，我们的目标是确定具有保护优先事项的猕猴栖息地，以加强种群连通性。为了量化当前种群的连通性，我们通过指定栖息地适宜性的倒数作为阻力，进行了最低成本的路径分析。为此，我们收集了2288名士兵家乡的地理信息，占日本驻军总数的70%。此外，我们使用最小代价路径构造了最小生成树，以提供最优的种群连通性。因此，模拟的阻力表明，尽管人为屏障(即人们经常居住的平坦地区)和地理屏障(即海拔1500米的高山地区)的扩散成本最高，但猕猴在占据不同森林类型时表现出很高的可塑性。最小生成树由77条模拟走廊组成，检测到日本西部种群连接的脆弱性，并为这些与世隔绝的种群分配保护优先事项，以保护猕猴迁徙的垫脚石路径。
Nationwide depopulation in modern Japan has led to contrasting changes over the last half-century: shrinking human communities and recovering populations of Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata). These changes have triggered macaque damage to public livelihoods, often resulting in decision-making directed toward strictly regulating macaque populations. To optimize conservation interventions required today, we aimed to identify macaque habitats with conservation priorities to enhance population connectivity. To quantify the current population connectivity, we conducted a least-cost path analysis by assigning an inverse of habitat suitability as resistance. For this, we collected geo-information on home ranges of 2288 troops, accounting for >70% of the total number of troops in Japan. Moreover, we composed a minimum spanning tree using least-cost paths to provide optimal population connectivity. Consequently, the modeled resistance showed that, although human-induced barriers (i.e., flat areas where people frequently reside) and geographical barriers (i.e., alpine regions >1500 m above sea level) had the highest dispersal cost, macaques presented a high plasticity in the occupation of different forest types. The minimum spanning tree, composed of 77 modeled corridors, detected the vulnerability of population connectivity in western Japan and assigned conservation priorities to these isolated populations to preserve the stepping-stone paths of macaque movement.