Chromosome motion during attachment to the vertebrate spindle: initial saltatory-like behavior of chromosomes and quantitative analysis of force production by nascent kinetochore fibers.
Chromosome motion during attachment to the vertebrate spindle: initial saltatory-like behavior of chromosomes and quantitative analysis of force production by nascent kinetochore fibers.
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DOI：
10.1083/jcb.113.4.805
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发表时间：
1991-05
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Rieder CL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Alexander SP;Rieder CL
在形成一个单极附件到最近的纺锤极，染色体附着在蝾螈（Taricha颗粒）pneumocytes一般驻留在一个光学透明的区域的细胞质，这是在很大程度上缺乏细胞骨架成分，细胞器，和其他染色体。我们先前已经证明，当星形微管接触其中一个动粒时，这些细胞中的染色体附着发生（Hayden，J.，S. S.鲍泽和C. L.里德尔。1990. 111：1039-1045），并且一旦建立了这种联合，染色体可以沿微管表面沿着向极运输（里德尔，C. L.，和S. P.亚历山大。1990. 110：81-95）。在这里报道的研究中，我们使用视频增强微分干涉对比光学显微镜和数字图像处理，在高空间和时间分辨率（分别为0.1微米和0.93秒），微管介导的极向运动的附加染色体和极向运动的粒子的纺锤体进行比较。分析结果表明，蝾螈肺细胞纺锤体上的负末端定向粒子运动与附着染色体的运动具有明显的相似性。这与两者都是由类似的力产生机制驱动的假设是一致的。然后，我们使用的布朗位移的颗粒附近的附加染色体，以计算细胞质的表观粘度的染色体通过移动。根据这些数据，以及我们的动力学分析和以前的工作，我们计算出蝾螈肺细胞中新生动粒纤维的力产生潜力约为0.1-7.4 x 10（-6）dyn/微管。1988. Annu.生物物理学Biophys. 17：431- 449），用于Melanoplus中的前中期（4 X 10（-6）dyn/微管）和后期（5 X 10（-6）dyn/微管）染色体。因此，在实验误差的范围内，似乎有一个显着的一致性，在有丝分裂的各个阶段和不同的分类亲和力的群体之间的力生产每微管。
Before forming a monopolar attachment to the closest spindle pole, chromosomes attaching in newt (Taricha granulosa) pneumocytes generally reside in an optically clear region of cytoplasm that is largely devoid of cytoskeletal components, organelles, and other chromosomes. We have previously demonstrated that chromosome attachment in these cells occurs when an astral microtubule contacts one of the kinetochores (Hayden, J., S. S. Bowser, and C. L. Rieder. 1990. J. Cell Biol. 111:1039-1045), and that once this association is established the chromosome can be transported poleward along the surface of the microtubule (Rieder, C. L., and S. P. Alexander. 1990. J. Cell Biol. 110:81-95). In the study reported here we used video enhanced differential interference contrast light microscopy and digital image processing to compare, at high spatial and temporal resolution (0.1 microns and 0.93 s, respectively), the microtubule-mediated poleward movement of attaching chromosomes and poleward moving particles on the spindle. The results of this analysis demonstrate obvious similarities between minus end-directed particle motion on the newt pneumocyte spindle and the motion of attaching chromosomes. This is consistent with the hypothesis that both are driven by a similar force-generating mechanism. We then used the Brownian displacements of particles in the vicinity of attaching chromosomes to calculate the apparent viscosity of cytoplasm through which the chromosomes were moving. From these data, and that from our kinetic analyses and previous work, we calculate the force-producing potential of nascent kinetochore fibers in newt pneumocytes to be approximately 0.1-7.4 x 10(-6) dyn/microtubule) This is essentially equivalent to that calculated by Nicklas (Nicklas, R.B. 1988. Annu. Rev. Biophys. Biophys. Chem. 17:431- 449) for prometaphase (4 x 10(-6) dyn/microtubule) and anaphase (5 x 10(-6) dyn/microtubule) chromosomes in Melanoplus. Thus, within the limits of experimental error, there appears to be a remarkable consistency in force production per microtubule throughout the various stages of mitosis and between groups of diverse taxonomic affinities.