Patterns and Determinants of Poverty Transitions among Poor Urban Households in Nairobi, Kenya
Patterns and Determinants of Poverty Transitions among Poor Urban Households in Nairobi, Kenya
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DOI：
10.1111/1467-8268.12073
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发表时间：
2014-03-01
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Ezeh, Alex Chika
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Mberu, Blessing Uchenna;Ciera, James Mbugua;Ezeh, Alex Chika
我们研究了 2006 年至 2009 年间肯尼亚内罗毕两个非正规住区的城市贫困人口的家庭转变模式和脱贫模式及决定因素。我们发现，随着时间的推移，家庭贫困状况不断恶化，贫困家庭比例从 2006 年的 51.2% 增加到 2009 年底的 54.9%。在此期间，34.5% 的家庭仍处于长期贫困状态，20.4% 的家庭陷入贫困， 16.7%的人成功脱贫，28.4%的人完全脱贫。我们确定了居住贫民窟、户主的性别和婚姻状况、户主至少受过中等教育、持续从事正规就业、家庭规模和家庭内生育发生率等家庭贫困转变的关键决定因素。我们的研究结果强调，需要围绕提供经济机会、解决女户主家庭的劣势、促进城市贫民至少接受中等教育、缩小家庭规模和节育等反贫困政策选择。虽然结果与一些国家趋势一致，但设计和实施针对贫民窟和亚群体的反贫困政策的必要性非常明显。
We examine the patterns and determinants of household transitions into and out of poverty among the urban poor in two Nairobi informal settlements in Kenya between 2006 and 2009. We find worsening household poverty over time, with the proportion of poor households increasing from 51.2 percent in 2006 to 54.9 percent by the end of 2009. Over the period, 34.5 percent of households remained in chronic poverty, 20.4 percent fell into poverty, 16.7 percent successfully escaped poverty and 28.4 percent fully remained out of poverty. We identify slum of residence, gender and marital status of household head, attainment of at least secondary education by household head, consistent engagement in formal employment, household size and the incidence of births within a household, among key determinants of household poverty transitions. Our results underscore the need for anti-poverty policy options around provision of economic opportunities, addressing disadvantages of female-headed households, promoting access to at least secondary education, smaller household norms and birth control among the urban poor. While the outcomes are consistent with some national trends, the need for the design and implementation of slum and sub-group specific anti-poverty policies are significantly evident.