National Academies of Sciences, Engineering and Medicine: Dentistry’s Valuable Investment in the Health Literacy Roundtable
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering and Medicine: Dentistry’s Valuable Investment in the Health Literacy Roundtable
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美国国家科学院、工程院和医学院：牙科在健康素养圆桌会议上的宝贵投资
DOI：
10.1080/19424396.2020.12222597
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发表时间：
2020
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Lindsey A. Robinson
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Lindsey A. Robinson
美国国家科学院是一个独立的非营利组织，其历史可以追溯到 1863 年亚伯拉罕·林肯 (Abraham Lincoln) 担任总统期间，当时他签署了国会宪章，建立了国家科学院 (NAS)，为政府和私营部门的决策者提供公正和权威的证据。 NAS 于 1964 年扩大规模，成立了国家工程院，并于 1970 年再次增设了健康科学部门，最初名为医学研究所 (IOM)。该品牌于 2015 年正式退役，当时美国国家科学院成员投票决定将名称更改为国家医学院 (NAM)，作为整体内部重组的一部分，以更好地体现科学研究事业的多学科性质。每年，超过 3,000 名个人、会员和非会员自愿贡献自己的时间、知识和专业知识，通过 NAM 的工作促进国家健康。国家科学院不直接获得国会拨款，但大约 70% 的资金来自联邦机构，这些机构要求它们进行独立的、基于证据的研究。其余资金由组织、行业、基金会和个人捐赠提供。除了主办研讨会、圆桌会议和各种活动，促进多学科讨论和促进改善世界各地人民健康的行动外，NAM 还以其顾问身份召集共识委员会。 健康素养圆桌会议 健康素养圆桌会议建立于 2005 年，以 2004 年发表的国际移民组织共识报告《健康素养：结束混乱的处方》为基础。根据该报告，健康素养被定义为“个人有能力获取、处理和理解做出适当健康决策所需的基本健康信息和服务的程度。”该领域在过去十年中受到了全国的广泛关注，现在被广泛认为在改善公众健康的努力中发挥着至关重要的作用。 2000 年，它被纳入健康人民 (HP) 2010 目标，成为国家医疗保健优先事项，
The National Academies is an independent, nonprofit organization dating back to the presidency of Abraham Lincoln in 1863 when he signed a congressional charter establishing the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) to provide decision-makers in government and the private sector with unbiased and authoritative evidence. The NAS expanded in 1964 with the creation of the National Academy of Engineering and again in 1970 with the addition of a health science arm, originally branded as the Institute of Medicine (IOM). This branding was officially retired in 2015 when members of the National Academies voted to change the name to the National Academy of Medicine (NAM) as part of an overall internal realignment to better capture the multidisciplinary nature of the scientific research enterprise. Each year, more than 3,000 individuals, members and nonmembers volunteer their time, knowledge and expertise to advance the nation’s health through the work of the NAM. The National Academies receives no congressional appropriations directly, but approximately 70% of their funding comes from federal agencies who request independent, evidence-based studies from them. The remainder of the funding is provided by organizations, industry, foundations and gifts from individuals. In its advisory capacity, the NAM convenes consensus committees in addition to hosting workshops, roundtables and a variety of activities that facilitate multidisciplinary discussion and catalyze action to improve the health of people around the world.Health Literacy Roundtable The Roundtable on Health Literacy was established in 2005 to build upon the work of the IOM consensus report “Health Literacy: A Prescription to End Confusion,” which was published in 2004. According to the report, health literacy is defined as “the degree to which individuals have the capacity to obtain, process and understand basic health information and services needed to make appropriate health decisions.” The field has received much national attention over the past decade and is now widely understood as playing a crucial role in efforts to improve the public’s health. In 2000, it became a national health care priority with its inclusion as a Healthy People (HP) 2010 goal,