Pandemics on the Radar Screen: Health Security, Infectious Disease and the Medicalisation of Insecurity
Pandemics on the Radar Screen: Health Security, Infectious Disease and the Medicalisation of Insecurity
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1467-9248.2011.00921.x
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发表时间：
2011-12-01
影响因子：
3.1
通讯作者：
Elbe, Stefan
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Elbe, Stefan
全球卫生安全的兴起如何改变当代安全实践？迄今为止，有关全球卫生安全的文献一直试图追踪全球卫生安全化如何影响国际体系中的疾病治理；然而，相反，没有人分析过，当他们开始关注越来越多的当代健康问题时，安全实践如何也开始微妙地改变。本文指出了三个这样的变化。首先，卫生安全辩论使我们对当代世界政治中的安全和不安全的理解具有重要的医学维度。其次，全球卫生安全的兴起使得一系列医学和公共卫生专家在当代安全政策的制定和分析中发挥更大的作用。最后，健康安全辩论也鼓励人们尝试通过越来越多的药物干预措施和新的医疗对策来保护人口。借鉴医学社会学的丰富文献，当代安全实践中的这三种转变共同构成了“安全的医学化”。这种关于全球卫生安全崛起的新颖视角也揭示了新兴卫生安全界面固有的新局限性——这些局限性与全球卫生文献中已经提到的“安全化”进程没有多大关系，而是与更广泛的“医疗化”社会进程相关。对额外限制的认识使得未来大流行的威胁比通常认为的更加严重。
How is the rise of global health security transforming contemporary practices of security? To date the literature on global health security has sought to trace how the securitisation of global health is affecting the governance of diseases in the international system; yet no-one has analysed - conversely - how the practices of security also begin subtly to change when they become concerned with a growing number of contemporary health issues. This article identifies three such changes. First, health security debates endow our understandings of security and insecurity in contemporary world politics with an important medical dimension. Second, the rise of global health security enables a range of medical and public health experts to play a greater role in the formulation and analysis of contemporary security policy. Finally, health security debates have also encouraged attempts to secure populations through recourse to a growing array of pharmacological interventions and new medical countermeasures. Drawing upon a rich literature in medical sociology, these three transformations in the contemporary practice of security collectively constitute the 'medicalisation of security'. This novel perspective on the rise of global health security also reveals new limitations inherent in the emerging health-security interface - limitations associated not so much with the processes of 'securitisation' already noted in the global health literature, but rather with wider social processes of 'medicalisation'. Awareness of the additional limitations renders the threat of a future pandemic even more serious than is commonly thought.