Resilience to Stress and Disturbance, and Resistance to Bromus tectorum L. Invasion in Cold Desert Shrublands of Western North America
Resilience to Stress and Disturbance, and Resistance to Bromus tectorum L. Invasion in Cold Desert Shrublands of Western North America
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DOI：
10.1007/s10021-013-9725-5
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发表时间：
2014-03-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Pyke, David A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Chambers, Jeanne C.;Bradley, Bethany A.;Pyke, David A.
干旱和半干旱生态系统中外来草的入侵导致草火循环和生态系统一级的变化，严重减少了生态系统服务。我们应对这些生态系统中发生的快速和复杂变化的能力可以通过了解环境因素和生态系统属性来提高，这些因素和属性决定了原生生态系统对压力和干扰的恢复力以及对入侵的抵抗力。冷荒漠灌丛发生在强烈的环境梯度，表现出显着的差异，在恢复力和阻力。它们提供了一个极好的机会来增加我们对这些概念的理解。在此，我们研究了一系列相关的问题，（a）生态系统属性，决定弹性和阻力沿着环境梯度，（B）的影响，如牲畜放牧和改变火制度和压力源，如快速气候变化，上升的CO2，和N沉降的弹性和阻力，（c）弹性和阻力的相互作用对生态系统的影响与不同的环境条件。最后，我们提供的战略，在管理环境中使用的弹性和阻力的概念。在生态站点尺度上，状态和过渡模型被用来说明恢复力和阻力的差异如何影响潜在的替代植被状态，状态之间的转换，和阈值。在景观尺度上，基于恢复力和抵抗力的管理战略-保护、预防、恢复、监测和适应性管理-被用来确定优先管理领域和适当的行动。
Alien grass invasions in arid and semi-arid ecosystems are resulting in grass-fire cycles and ecosystem-level transformations that severely diminish ecosystem services. Our capacity to address the rapid and complex changes occurring in these ecosystems can be enhanced by developing an understanding of the environmental factors and ecosystem attributes that determine resilience of native ecosystems to stress and disturbance, and resistance to invasion. Cold desert shrublands occur over strong environmental gradients and exhibit significant differences in resilience and resistance. They provide an excellent opportunity to increase our understanding of these concepts. Herein, we examine a series of linked questions about (a) ecosystem attributes that determine resilience and resistance along environmental gradients, (b) effects of disturbances like livestock grazing and altered fire regimes and of stressors like rapid climate change, rising CO2, and N deposition on resilience and resistance, and (c) interacting effects of resilience and resistance on ecosystems with different environmental conditions. We conclude by providing strategies for the use of resilience and resistance concepts in a management context. At ecological site scales, state and transition models are used to illustrate how differences in resilience and resistance influence potential alternative vegetation states, transitions among states, and thresholds. At landscape scales management strategies based on resilience and resistance-protection, prevention, restoration, and monitoring and adaptive management-are used to determine priority management areas and appropriate actions.