Global Warming Pattern Formation: The Role of Ocean Heat Uptake
Global Warming Pattern Formation: The Role of Ocean Heat Uptake
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DOI：
10.1175/jcli-d-21-0317.1
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发表时间：
2022-03-01
影响因子：
4.9
通讯作者：
Kang, Sarah M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hu, Shineng;Xie, Shang-Ping;Kang, Sarah M.
本研究调查了海洋表面变暖模式响应于二氧化碳加倍的形成机制，重点关注海洋吸热（或海洋表面热通量变化，Delta Q(net)）的作用。我们证明，当动态海洋-大气耦合模型 (DOM) 模拟的地表变暖和降雨变化的瞬态模式受到 DOM Delta Q(net) 分布的影响时，可以通过平板海洋-大气耦合模型 (SOM) 模拟的平衡解来重现。然后，SOM 被用作诊断逆向建模工具，以分解 CO2 引起的热力学变暖效应和 Delta Q(net)（海洋吸热）引起的冷却效应。由于 Delta Q(net) 在副极地海洋中大部分为正值（即向下进入海洋），而在赤道为弱负值，因此其冷却效应在极地被强烈放大，并对抗二氧化碳变暖，从而减少了净变暖响应，尤其是在南极洲。出于同样的原因，Delta Q(net)引起的降温效应对所有三个洋盆的赤道变暖都有显着贡献，而CO2变暖效应在东太平洋赤道变暖中发挥了作用。 Delta Q(net) 的空间变化分量虽然全球平均为零，但可以有效地纠正并导致全球平均地表温度下降，其幅度与瞬态气候变化下的全球平均 Delta Q(net) 效应相当。我们的研究强调了海气相互作用在地表变暖模式形成中的重要性以及海洋吸热模式的关键作用。
This study investigates the formation mechanism of the ocean surface warming pattern in response to a doubling CO2 with a focus on the role of ocean heat uptake (or ocean surface heat flux change, Delta Q(net)). We demonstrate that the transient patterns of surface warming and rainfall change simulated by the dynamic ocean-atmosphere coupled model (DOM) can be reproduced by the equilibrium solutions of the slab ocean-atmosphere coupled model (SOM) simulations when forced with the DOM Delta Q(net) distribution. The SOM is then used as a diagnostic inverse modeling tool to decompose the CO2-induced thermodynamic warming effect and the Delta Q(net) (ocean heat uptake)-induced cooling effect. As Delta Q(net) is largely positive (i.e., downward into the ocean) in the subpolar oceans and weakly negative at the equator, its cooling effect is strongly polar amplified and opposes the CO2 warming, reducing the net warming response especially over Antarctica. For the same reason, the Delta Q(net)-induced cooling effect contributes significantly to the equatorially enhanced warming in all three ocean basins, while the CO2 warming effect plays a role in the equatorial warming of the eastern Pacific. The spatially varying component of Delta Q(net), although globally averaged to zero, can effectively rectify and lead to decreased global mean surface temperature of a comparable magnitude as the global mean Delta Q(net) effect under transient climate change. Our study highlights the importance of air-sea interaction in the surface warming pattern formation and the key role of ocean heat uptake pattern.