Towards resolving Lamiales relationships: insights from rapidly evolving chloroplast sequences.
Towards resolving Lamiales relationships: insights from rapidly evolving chloroplast sequences.
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DOI：
10.1186/1471-2148-10-352
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发表时间：
2010-11-12
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Müller KF
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Schäferhoff B;Fleischmann A;Fischer E;Albach DC;Borsch T;Heubl G;Müller KF
在大型被子植物中，出现了一系列高度专业化的生命策略，如食肉性、寄生性、附生性和耐干燥性，并且一些谱系具有急剧加速的DNA替代率或小型化的基因组。然而，在过去，理解这些现象在秩序中的演变，并澄清家族之间的边界和关系，一直受到很大程度上未解决的树的阻碍。我们对快速进化的trnK/matK， trl - f和rps16叶绿体区域的分析使我们能够推断出更精确的层叠门的系统发育假设。在Lamiales树中九个第一分支家族之间的关系现在得到了非常有力的支持。在长尾草科之后，出现了一个由菖蒲科和油橄榄科分支组成的分支，随后是四孔竹科，以及一个由苦苣苔科和菖蒲科组成的新分支，这也得到了形态学特征的支持。车前草科（包括葛花科）和玄参科在主干级上分离较好；Lamiaceae和马鞭草科出现在遥远的分支中，而最近描述的Linderniaceae被证实是单系的，处于孤立的位置。对Lamiales树的深节点的信心是理解开花植物主要分支进化多样化的重要一步。现在，这里获得的分辨率提供了第一次讨论板条虫形态和生化特征演变的机会。所有的分析和拓扑测试都有力地支持了肉食性综合征的多次独立进化，一次是在lentibullariaceae，第二次是在Byblidaceae。讨论了花对称等部分形态特征的进化。从内含子和间隔子中进一步添加的序列数据有望最终获得一个完全解析的Lamiales质体树。
In the large angiosperm order Lamiales, a diverse array of highly specialized life strategies such as carnivory, parasitism, epiphytism, and desiccation tolerance occur, and some lineages possess drastically accelerated DNA substitutional rates or miniaturized genomes. However, understanding the evolution of these phenomena in the order, and clarifying borders of and relationships among lamialean families, has been hindered by largely unresolved trees in the past. Our analysis of the rapidly evolving trnK/matK, trnL-F and rps16 chloroplast regions enabled us to infer more precise phylogenetic hypotheses for the Lamiales. Relationships among the nine first-branching families in the Lamiales tree are now resolved with very strong support. Subsequent to Plocospermataceae, a clade consisting of Carlemanniaceae plus Oleaceae branches, followed by Tetrachondraceae and a newly inferred clade composed of Gesneriaceae plus Calceolariaceae, which is also supported by morphological characters. Plantaginaceae (incl. Gratioleae) and Scrophulariaceae are well separated in the backbone grade; Lamiaceae and Verbenaceae appear in distant clades, while the recently described Linderniaceae are confirmed to be monophyletic and in an isolated position. Confidence about deep nodes of the Lamiales tree is an important step towards understanding the evolutionary diversification of a major clade of flowering plants. The degree of resolution obtained here now provides a first opportunity to discuss the evolution of morphological and biochemical traits in Lamiales. The multiple independent evolution of the carnivorous syndrome, once in Lentibulariaceae and a second time in Byblidaceae, is strongly supported by all analyses and topological tests. The evolution of selected morphological characters such as flower symmetry is discussed. The addition of further sequence data from introns and spacers holds promise to eventually obtain a fully resolved plastid tree of Lamiales.
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