Spatial and temporal heterogeneity of rainfall inorganic ion composition in northeastern Puerto Rico
Spatial and temporal heterogeneity of rainfall inorganic ion composition in northeastern Puerto Rico
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波多黎各东北部降雨无机离子成分的时空异质性
DOI：
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发表时间：
2013
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
M. M. Rivera
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
E. Medina;G. González;M. M. Rivera
自上世纪中叶以来，波多黎各东北部的卢基洛山脉一直是密集生态研究的中心（Odum 1970）。这项工作作为长期生态研究计划（LTER，）的一部分继续进行。养分循环是主要研究课题之一，其中降雨中的养分输入起着核心作用。波多黎各东北部的降雨主要是造山作用，即信风在压向卢科伊洛山脉时输送的湿气团抬高而产生（Martens 和 Harriss 1973、McDowell 等人 1990、García 等人 1996、Wu 等人 2006）。因此，降雨水的离子含量很大程度上取决于空气上升团输送的海水颗粒的成分。在此过程中，气团上升，温度降低，达到水凝结的水平（云形成）。随着温度持续降低，多余的水会以降雨的形式沉淀出来（Wu et al. 2006）。卢基约山脉的降雨化学模式已被详细记录。在 El Verde（约 400 m），大多数离子的浓度与每周降雨量测量呈负相关（Odum 1970，McDowell 等人 1990）。海盐气溶胶贡献了湿降水和大量降水中发现的大部分 Na、Cl、Mg 2+ 和 K； SO4 2–
The Luquillo Mountains in northeastern Puerto Rico have been the center of intensive ecological research since the middle of last century (Odum 1970). This effort continues as part of the Long Term Ecological Research Program (LTER, ). Nutrient cycling stands among the main research subjects, and within it nutrient inputs in rainfall play a central role. Rainfall in northeastern Puerto Rico is mostly orogenic, i.e. it is generated by the elevation of humid air masses transported by the trade winds as they press against the Luquillo mountain range (Martens and Harriss 1973, McDowell et al. 1990, García et al. 1996, Wu et al. 2006). The ionic content of rainfall water is, therefore, strongly determined by the composition of seawater particles transported by the air ascending masses. In this process, the air masses are lifted and their temperature decreases as they ascend reaching the level of water condensation (cloud formation). As the temperature continues to decrease, excess water is precipitated as rainfall (Wu et al. 2006). Rainfall chemistry patterns have been documented in detail for the Luquillo Mountains. At El Verde (ca 400 m) concentrations of most ions were correlated negatively with weekly rainfall measurements (Odum 1970, McDowell et al. 1990). Sea salt aerosols contributed most of the Na, CI, Mg 2+ and K found in wet and bulk precipitation; SO4 2–