Perspectives for the tissue engineering of cartilage from a biological and biomaterial point of view.
Perspectives for the tissue engineering of cartilage from a biological and biomaterial point of view.
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从生物和生物材料的角度来看软骨组织工程。
DOI：
10.5301/jabb.2008.4520
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发表时间：
2008
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
C. Kirkpatrick
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Christoph Brochhausen;Rolf Zehbe;Ulrich Gross;Helmut Schubert;C. Kirkpatrick
组织工程学已经成为一个快速发展的跨学科研究分支，处于生命科学和工程科学的交界处，具有重要的临床终点。在这种情况下，关节软骨的再生是一个令人兴奋的挑战，因为透明软骨的自我修复能力有限。今天，使用不同的支架材料，结合体外扩增的软骨细胞和信号分子，为关节软骨缺损的最佳治疗带来了巨大的希望。然而，直到今天，还没有找到支架、细胞和信号分子的最佳结构。由于修复和再生在一定程度上是个体发育过程，本文综述了长骨生长板软骨内成骨的调控机制，以寻找可能的新的信号分子，以改进基于组织工程的软骨缺损治疗方案。生长板代表了软骨细胞和细胞外基质成分在不同的增殖和分化阶段高度组织化的结构。它受各种旁分泌和激素因素的调节。在第二部分中，我们介绍了基于合成聚合物和天然聚合物的支架设计的实际趋势，从生物活性和生物相容性的角度强调了它们在软骨缺损再生中的潜在应用。总之，来自基础研究的新信号分子和具有不同物理化学性质的创新支架材料都为优化组织工程治疗软骨缺损的治疗策略的研究开辟了新的有趣的前景。
Tissue engineering has become a fast growing interdisciplinary branch of research at the interface between life and engineering sciences with important clinical end-points. In this context the regeneration of articular cartilage represents an exciting challenge since hyaline cartilage has a limited capacity for self-repair. Today the use of different scaffold materials combined with in vitro expanded chondrocytes and signalling molecules poses great hopes for an optimal treatment of articular cartilage defects. However, until today the optimal construct of scaffolds, cells and signalling molecules has not yet been found. Since repair and regeneration recapitulate in part ontogenetic processes, the present paper summarizes the regulative mechanisms of endochondral ossification in the growth plate of the long bones to identify possible new signalling molecules for the improvement of tissue engineering-based solutions in the treatment of cartilage defects. The growth plate represents a highly organized structure of chondrocytes and extracellular matrix components in distinguishable proliferation and differentiation stages. It is regulated by various paracrine and hormonal factors. In a second part we present actual trends in scaffold design based on synthetic polymers and natural polymers, stressing their potential use in the regeneration of cartilage defects from the point of view of bioactivity and biocompatibility. In conclusion, both new signalling molecules from basic research and innovative scaffold materials with variable physico-chemical properties open up new and interesting perspectives for the research in optimized tissue engineeredbased therapeutic strategies to treat cartilage defects.