Drivers and impacts of the most extreme marine heatwaves events.
Drivers and impacts of the most extreme marine heatwaves events.
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DOI：
10.1038/s41598-020-75445-3
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发表时间：
2020-11-09
影响因子：
4.6
通讯作者：
Smale DA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Sen Gupta A;Thomsen M;Benthuysen JA;Hobday AJ;Oliver E;Alexander LV;Burrows MT;Donat MG;Feng M;Holbrook NJ;Perkins-Kirkpatrick S;Moore PJ;Rodrigues RR;Scannell HA;Taschetto AS;Ummenhofer CC;Wernberg T;Smale DA
海洋中的长期高温极端事件，即海洋热浪，可能对海洋生态系统、渔业和相关服务产生严重和持久的影响。本研究采用海洋热浪框架分析全球海表温度产品，并根据其强度、持续时间和空间范围确定最极端的事件。许多这些事件还没有被描述在其物理属性，生成机制，或生态影响。我们的综合确定了海洋热浪特征和季节性之间的共性，与厄尔尼诺-南方涛动的联系，触发过程和对海洋生产力的影响。最强烈的事件优先发生在夏季，当气候海洋混合层较浅，风很弱，但在气候最高海面温度之前的时间。大多数亚热带极端海洋热浪是由持续的大气高压系统和令人不安的弱风速引发的，与太阳辐射增加有关，减少了海洋热损失。此外，最极端的事件往往与低纬度和中纬度叶绿素a浓度的减少同时发生。了解海洋背景状态，本地和远程驱动因素以及过去事件的海洋生产力响应的重要性是改善未来海洋热浪及其影响预测的关键步骤。
Prolonged high-temperature extreme events in the ocean, marine heatwaves, can have severe and long-lasting impacts on marine ecosystems, fisheries and associated services. This study applies a marine heatwave framework to analyse a global sea surface temperature product and identify the most extreme events, based on their intensity, duration and spatial extent. Many of these events have yet to be described in terms of their physical attributes, generation mechanisms, or ecological impacts. Our synthesis identifies commonalities between marine heatwave characteristics and seasonality, links to the El Niño-Southern Oscillation, triggering processes and impacts on ocean productivity. The most intense events preferentially occur in summer, when climatological oceanic mixed layers are shallow and winds are weak, but at a time preceding climatological maximum sea surface temperatures. Most subtropical extreme marine heatwaves were triggered by persistent atmospheric high-pressure systems and anomalously weak wind speeds, associated with increased insolation, and reduced ocean heat losses. Furthermore, the most extreme events tended to coincide with reduced chlorophyll-a concentration at low and mid-latitudes. Understanding the importance of the oceanic background state, local and remote drivers and the ocean productivity response from past events are critical steps toward improving predictions of future marine heatwaves and their impacts.
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影响因子：
11.6
作者：
Hayashida, Hakase;Matear, Richard J.;Strutton, Peter G.
通讯作者：
Strutton, Peter G.
影响因子：
64.8
作者：
Frolicher, Thomas L.;Fischer, Erich M.;Gruber, Nicolas
通讯作者：
Gruber, Nicolas
影响因子：
64.8
作者：
Lehodey, P;Bertignac, M;Picaut, J
通讯作者：
Picaut, J
影响因子：
8.9
作者：
Hersbach, Hans;Bell, Bill;Thepaut, Jean-Noel
通讯作者：
Thepaut, Jean-Noel
影响因子：
5.2
作者：
Manta, G.;de Mello, S.;Barreiro, M.
通讯作者：
Barreiro, M.