Epistemic Rights and Responsibilities of Digital Simulacra for Biomedicine
Epistemic Rights and Responsibilities of Digital Simulacra for Biomedicine
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DOI：
10.1080/15265161.2022.2146785
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发表时间：
2022-12-12
影响因子：
13.4
通讯作者：
Martinez-Martin, Nicole
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Cho, Mildred K.;Martinez-Martin, Nicole
大数据和人工智能使数字模拟能够预测特定个人、群体或一般人类的未来健康状态或行为。 “数字拟像”使用多模态数据集来开发计算模型，这些模型是人或群体的虚拟表示，生成系统如何演变以及随着时间的推移对干预措施如何反应的预测。其中包括用于计算机临床试验的数字孪生和虚拟患者，这两者都旨在通过加速创新并弥合基于人群的研究结果与其对个人的应用之间的认知差距来改变研究和医疗保健。尽管如此，数字拟像标志着拥抱数据科学认知文化以及可能放弃因果关系和表征的医学认识论概念的轨迹上的一个重要里程碑。在此过程中，“数据第一”方法可能会将道德注意力从实际患者和公平等原则转移到模拟患者和患者数据上。
Big data and Al have enabled digital simulation for prediction of future health states or behaviors of specific individuals, populations or humans in general. "Digital simulacra" use multimodal datasets to develop computational models that are virtual representations of people or groups, generating predictions of how systems evolve and react to interventions over time. These include digital twins and virtual patients for in silico clinical trials, both of which seek to transform research and health care by speeding innovation and bridging the epistemic gap between population-based research findings and their application to the individual. Nevertheless, digital simulacra mark a major milestone on a trajectory to embrace the epistemic culture of data science and a potential abandonment of medical epistemological concepts of causality and representation. In doing so, "data first' approaches potentially shift moral attention from actual patients and principles, such as equity, to simulated patients and patient data.