Role of the Dlx homeobox genes in proximodistal patterning of the branchial arches: Mutations of Dlx-1, Dlx-2, and Dlx-1 and -2 alter morphogenesis of proximal skeletal and soft tissue structures derived from the first and second arches
Role of the Dlx homeobox genes in proximodistal patterning of the branchial arches: Mutations of Dlx-1, Dlx-2, and Dlx-1 and -2 alter morphogenesis of proximal skeletal and soft tissue structures derived from the first and second arches
复制标题
DOI：
10.1006/dbio.1997.8556
复制
发表时间：
1997-05-15
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
Rubenstein, JLR
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Qiu, MS;Bulfone, A;Rubenstein, JLR
Dir同源盒基因家族在胚胎颅面外胚层和外胚间充质中以复杂的模式表达。先前的研究确定Dlx-2对于小鼠第一和第二鳃弓的近端区域的发育是必需的。在这里，我们描述了颅面表型的Dlx-1和Dlx-1和-2突变的小鼠。对Dlx-1和Dlx-1和-2突变小鼠的骨骼和软组织分析提供了额外的证据，即Dir基因调节鳃弓的proximodistal模式。该分析还阐明了Dlx-1和Dlx-2在颅面发育中的不同和重叠的作用。此外，缺乏Dlx-1和Dlx-2的小鼠具有独特的异常，包括缺少上颌磨牙。Dlx-1和Dlx-2在第一和第二牙弓的近端和远端表达，但只有近端区域异常。Dlx-1、-2、-3、-5和-6的嵌套表达模式为预测每个基因的区域特异性要求的模型提供了证据。最后，Dlx-2和Dlx-1和Dlx-2突变体具有异位的颅骨成分，类似于在胚胎遗传学上更原始的脊椎动物中发现的骨骼和软骨。(C)北京：科学出版社.
The Dir homeobox gene family is expressed in a complex pattern within the embryonic craniofacial ectoderm and ectomesenchyme. A previous study established that Dlx-2 is essential for development of proximal regions of the murine first and second branchial arches. Here we describe the craniofacial phenotype of mice with mutations in Dlx-1 and Dlx-1 and -2. The skeletal and soft tissue analyses of mice with Dlx-1 and Dlx-1 and -2 mutations provide additional evidence that the Dir genes regulate proximodistal patterning of the branchial arches. This analysis also elucidates distinct and overlapping roles for Dlx-1 and Dlx-2 in craniofacial development. furthermore, mice lacking both Dlx-1 and -2 have unique abnormalities, including the absence of maxillary molars. Dlx-1 and -2 are expressed in the proximal and distal first and second arches, yet only the proximal regions are abnormal. The nested expression patterns of Dlx-1, -2, -3, -5, and -6 provide evidence for a model that predicts the region-specific requirements for each gene. Finally, the Dlx-2 and Dlx-1 and -2 mutants have ectopic skull components that resemble bones and cartilages found in phylogenetically more primitive vertebrates. (C) 1997 Academic Press.