The association between parental life history and offspring phenotype in Atlantic salmon
The association between parental life history and offspring phenotype in Atlantic salmon
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大西洋鲑鱼亲本生活史与后代表型之间的关联
DOI：
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发表时间：
2016
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
N. Metcalfe
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
T. V. Van Leeuwen;Darryl McLennan;S. Mckelvey;D. C. Stewart;C. Adams;N. Metcalfe
摘要在许多类群中，同一种群内的生活史策略存在相当大的种内变异，反映了生物体成功繁殖的替代途径。大西洋鲑鱼萨尔莫salar（林奈）显示一些最大的种群内的变化，在脊椎动物之间的生活史策略，多个离散的男性和女性的生活史共存和杂交在许多产卵场，虽然生活史的各种组合对后代性状的影响仍然未知。使用野生鱼类的杂交，我们在这里表明，父母双方的生活史策略显着相关的后代性状的范围。在海上度过更长时间的母亲（2年对1年）在第一次进食时产生的后代更重，更长，状况更好。然而，这些关系消失后不久，鱼苗已经开始喂养外源。在这个阶段，母亲的幼年养育环境（即在淡水中度过的时间）是后代性状的更好预测因子，在淡水中发育更快的母亲（在2岁而不是3岁后迁移到海洋）产生的后代具有更高的最大代谢率，有氧范围，并且生长得更快。发育较快的父亲（1岁的运动鞋男性）往往会产生具有较高最大代谢率的后代，身体状况更好，生长更快。结果表明，遗传效应和那些与父母的早期和晚期生活史有助于后代性状。总结：父母双方的早期和晚期生命阶段的持续时间（即他们的生活史）可能对鲑鱼的后代性状有显着影响。
ABSTRACT In many taxa there is considerable intraspecific variation in life history strategies from within a single population, reflecting alternative routes through which organisms can achieve successful reproduction. Atlantic salmon Salmo salar (Linnaeus) show some of the greatest within-population variability in life history strategies amongst vertebrates, with multiple discrete male and female life histories co-existing and interbreeding on many spawning grounds, although the effect of the various combinations of life histories on offspring traits remains unknown. Using crosses of wild fish we show here that the life history strategy of both parents was significantly associated with a range of offspring traits. Mothers that had spent longer at sea (2 versus 1 year) produced offspring that were heavier, longer and in better condition at the time of first feeding. However, these relationships disappeared shortly after fry had begun feeding exogenously. At this stage, the juvenile rearing environment (i.e. time spent in fresh water as juveniles) of the mother was a better predictor of offspring traits, with mothers that were faster to develop in fresh water (migrating to sea after two rather than three years of age) producing offspring that had higher maximal metabolic rates, aerobic scopes, and that grew faster. Faster developing fathers (1 year old sneaker males) tended to produce offspring that had higher maximal metabolic rates, were in better body condition and grew faster. The results suggest that both genetic effects and those related to parental early and late life history contribute to offspring traits. Summary: The duration of early and later life stages of both parents (i.e. their life history) may have a significant influence on offspring traits in salmon.