ON THE TIME-COURSE AND ACCURACY OF SPATIAL LOCALIZATION - BASIC DATA AND A 2-PROCESS MODEL
ON THE TIME-COURSE AND ACCURACY OF SPATIAL LOCALIZATION - BASIC DATA AND A 2-PROCESS MODEL
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DOI：
10.1016/0001-6918(93)90024-l
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发表时间：
1993-11-01
影响因子：
1.8
通讯作者：
HOEK, T
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
ADAM, JJ;KETELAARS, M;HOEK, T
这篇文章解决的问题如何快速和准确的位置，一个单一的刺激可以感知。在实验1中，我们测量了定位性能的任务，要求受试者感知和报告的位置，一个单一的目标刺激（“*”号）在一个正方形的一个假想的25 × 19网格。两个因素是不同的：刺激持续时间和刺激偏心。刺激持续时间通过采用向后掩蔽刺激来操纵。10个间隔（刺激开始的时间间隔）分开的目标和掩蔽刺激：25，50，75，100，125，150，200，250，300，和350毫秒。刺激偏心率被操纵的目标刺激在五个不同的距离从固定点。观察者通过按键盘上的“箭头”键将光标从网格的中间（初始注视点）移动到感知的目标位置来定位目标刺激。本地化性能表现出典型的刺激持续时间相关。也就是说，可以区分两个分量：第一个分量表示在刺激持续时间的前50 ms期间定位性能的初始急剧上升;第二分量表示在50 ms之后定位性能的逐渐上升，在大约300 ms处达到最大性能。我们将这两个定位性能函数解释为反映两个系统的操作，即用于初始强烈增加的注意力系统和用于随后逐渐增加的眼动系统。在实验2中，我们测量了扫视眼反应lavelet，以澄清眼动在定位性能的作用。结果发现，在98.4%的所有试验眼跳执行，而且，眼跳眼反应潜伏期随刺激持续时间的增加而下降。在实验3中，我们比较了本地化性能的存在和不存在的眼球运动，并证明了本地化性能的刺激持续时间长达50毫秒是独立的眼球运动。总体而言，目前的研究结果被解释为证据支持的两个过程模型的本地化性能，其中注意力的转移是由一个快速的眼球运动到目标位置。与视觉信息处理的连续流概念一致，我们的模型假设位置信息在视觉系统中需要时间来发展;因此，观察者的定位响应可能基于在定性不同种类的信息上操作的定性不同的过程。在短时间刺激的情况下，注意力系统使用瞬时细胞传递的信息将注意力转移到目标位置;这导致课程位置信息可用。在较长持续时间的刺激的情况下，由持续细胞传达的信息被眼动系统用于准备和生成朝向目标位置的扫视。因此，精细的位置信息取决于所生成的扫视的准确性，而扫视的准确性又取决于刺激的持续时间。最后的凝视假设是先进的，以捕捉眼睛位置信息的重要性，在手动瞄准性能。最后，强调目前的研究结果需要确认和扩展，为未来的研究可能的方向进行了讨论。
This article addresses the question how fast and accurate the location of a single stimulus can be perceived. In Experiment 1, we measured localization performance in a task which required subjects to perceive and report the location of a single target stimulus ('*' sign) presented in one square of an imaginary 25 x 19 grid. Two factors were varied: stimulus duration and stimulus eccentricity. Stimulus duration was manipulated by employing a backward masking stimulus. Ten intervals (stimulus onset asynchronies) separated target and masking stimulus: 25, 50, 75, 100, 125, 150, 200, 250, 300, and 350 ms. Stimulus eccentricity was manipulated by presenting the target stimulus at five different distances from the fixation point. The observer localized the target stimulus by moving the cursor from the middle of the grid (the initial fixation point) to the perceived target location by pressing the 'arrow' keys on the keyboard. Localization performance showed to be typically related to stimulus duration. That is, two components could be distinguished: The first component represented an initial steep rise in localization performance during the first 50 ms of stimulus duration; the second component represented a gradual rise in localization performance after 50 ms, reaching maximal performance at about 300 ms. We interpreted these two localization performance functions as reflecting the operation of two systems, namely the attentional system for the initial strong increase and the eye movement system for the subsequent gradual increase. In Experiment 2, we measured saccadic eye response latencies to clarify the role of eye movements in localization performance. It was found that in 98.4% of all trials saccades were executed, and, moreover, that saccadic eye response latency decreased with increasing stimulus duration. In Experiment 3, we compared localization performance in the absence and presence of eye movements and demonstrated that localization performance for stimulus durations up to 50 ms was independent of eye movements. Overall, the present findings were interpreted as evidence in support of a two-process model of localization performance in which a shift of attention is followed by a rapid eye movement toward the target location. In line with a continuous flow conception of visual information processing, our model assumes that location information takes time to develop in the visual system; hence, an observer's localization response may be based on qualitatively different processes operating on qualitatively different kinds of information. In case of short duration stimuli, information conveyed by transient cells is used by the attentional system to shift attention toward the target location; this results in course location information being available. In case of longer duration stimuli, information conveyed by sustained cells is used by the eye movement system to prepare and generate a saccade toward the target location. Fine location information therefore depends on the accuracy of the generated saccade which in turn depends on the duration of the stimulus. A final gaze hypothesis is advanced to capture the importance of eye position information in manual aiming performance. Finally, it is emphasized that the present findings require confirmation and extensions; possible directions for future research are discussed.