Structure and function in rhodopsin. Separation and characterization of the correctly folded and misfolded opsins produced on expression of an opsin mutant gene containing only the native intradiscal cysteine codons.
Structure and function in rhodopsin. Separation and characterization of the correctly folded and misfolded opsins produced on expression of an opsin mutant gene containing only the native intradiscal cysteine codons.
复制标题
视紫红质的结构和功能。
DOI：
10.1021/bi00010a016
复制
发表时间：
1995
期刊：
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Khorana,HG
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ridge,KD;Lu,Z;Liu,X;Khorana,HG
Revised Manuscript Received December 27, 1994® abstract: Previous mutagenesis studies have indicated the requirement of a tertiary structure in the intradiscal region with a disulfide bond between Cys-110 and Cys-187 for the correct assembly and/or function of rhodopsin. We have now studied a rhodopsin mutant in which only the naturalintradiscal cysteines at positions 110, 185, and 187 are present while all the remaining seven cysteines in the wild-type bovine rhodopsin have been replaced by serines. The proteins formed on expression of this mutant in COS-1 cells bind 11-cz's-retinal only partially to form the rhodopsin chromophore. We show that this is due to the presence of both correctly folded chromophore-forming opsin and misfolded opsins. Methods have been devised for the separation of the correctly folded and misfolded forms by selective elution from immunoaffinity adsorbants. Using several criteria, which include SDS—PAGE as well as UV/visible and CD spectroscopy, we find that the correctly folded mutant protein is indistinguishable in its spectral properties from the wild-type rhodopsin. Further, reaction of sulfhydryl groups in the correctly folded mutant pigment with/V-ethylmaleimide indicates that alkylation of a single sulfhydryl requires denaturation or illumination, while reaction with an additional two sulfhydryl groups occurs only after reduction. The misfolded mutant opsins are characterized by reduced a-helical content, sulfhydryl reactivity under native conditions in the dark, and also the presence of a disulfide bond. We conclude that the failure to bury Cys-185, or the formation of a disulfide between an alternative pair of cysteine residues, precludes establishment of the correct intradiscal structure required for the binding of retinal.Rhodopsin, photoreceptor of the rod cell, is a seven-helical integral membrane protein containing three distinct regions, the intradiscal, the membrane-embedded, and the cytoplasmic (Figure 1). Clearly, each of these three regions has a unique role and is capable of undergoing a conformational change that is coupled to the signal transduction process (Khorana, 1992; Kaushal et al. 1994; Davidson et al., 1994). Although previous studies have allowed the conclusion that the formation of an intradiscal structure comprised of the NH2-terminal region, all three polypeptide segments connecting helices B and C, D and E, and F and G, respectively, and a Cys-110/Cys-187 disulfide bond is required for correct assembly and/or function (Kamik et al., 1988; Doi et al., 1990; Kamik et al., 1990), many questions remain concerning its formation and thenature of the conformational changes which occur upon photoactivation. We now report a further study on the role of the intradiscal region in which we have used a bovine rhodopsin mutant that has only the three intradiscal cysteinesat positions 110,
