Occurrence of marine algal toxins in oyster and phytoplankton samples in Daya Bay, South China Sea
Occurrence of marine algal toxins in oyster and phytoplankton samples in Daya Bay, South China Sea
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南海大亚湾牡蛎和浮游植物样本中海洋藻毒素的存在
DOI：
10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.05.067
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发表时间：
2017-09-01
期刊：
影响因子：
8.8
通讯作者：
Lu, Songhui
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Jiang, Tao;Liu, Lei;Lu, Songhui
调查了南中国海域大亚湾浮游植物和牡蛎样品中海藻毒素的存在及其季节变化。尾藻和尖藻复合体被鉴定为冈田酸(OA)/果胶毒素(PTX)相关种。LC-MS/MS分析表明，尾藻单细胞分离物的主要毒素为2.04-14.47pgPTX2/细胞。没有对尖吻金龟进行毒素分析。网捕样品中浮游植物中OAS的出现与尖吻金藻复合体的存在相吻合，这表明该种最有可能是该海域的OAS生产者。在净拖网样品中，OA、地藻毒素-1(DTX1)、PTX2、PTX2sa、裸子二胺(GYM)、高藻毒素(HomoYTX)和软骨藻酸(DA)呈阳性结果。据我们所知，本文首次报道了中国近海浮游植物样品中GYM、DA和HomoYTX的检测。在藻类毒素中，GORM在浮游植物浓缩物中的阳性检测频率最高(13/17)。在牡蛎样品中检测到五种藻毒素化合物，包括OA、DTX1、PTX2、PTX2sa和GYM。在牡蛎中没有检测到DA和HomoYTX，尽管在浮游植物浓缩物中都检测到了这两种物质。然而，牡蛎中DA的存在或不存在都无法确定，因为用100%甲醇从牡蛎中分离毒素的提取条件(欧盟协调标准操作程序，2015年推荐)可能不适合这种水溶性毒素。此外，牡蛎消化过程中DA的转化也可能参与了该毒素的阴性检测。GORM在牡蛎中的阳性结果频率最高(14/17)。仅在水解物中检出OAS。牡蛎中PTX和PTX2sa的检出率低于网箱样品。(C)2017爱思唯尔有限公司。保留所有权利。
The occurrence and seasonal variations of marine algal toxins in phytoplankton and oyster samples in Daya Bay (DYB), South China Sea were investigated. Two Dinophysis species, namely, D. caudata and D. acuminata complex, were identified as Okadaic acid (OA)/pectenotoxin (PTX) related species. Liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis demonstrated that 2.04-14.47 pg PTX2 per cell was the predominant toxin in single-cell isolates of D. caudata. D. acuminata was not subjected to toxin analysis. The occurrence of OAs in phytoplankton concentrates of net-haul sample coincided with the presence of D. accuminata complex, suggesting that this species is most likely an OA producer in this sea area. OA, dinophysistoxins-1 (DTX1), PTX2, PTX2sa, gymnodimine (GYM), homo-yessotoxin (homoYTX), and domoic acid (DA) demonstrated positive results in net haul samples. To our best knowledge, this paper is the first to report the detection of GYM, DA, and homoYTX in phytoplankton samples in Chinese coastal waters. Among the algal toxins, GYM demonstrated the highest frequency of positive detections in phytoplankton concentrates (13/17). Five compounds of algal toxins, including OA, DTX1, PTX2, PTX2sa, and GYM, were detected in oyster samples. DA and homoYTX were not detected in oysters despite of positive detections for both in the phytoplankton concentrates. However, neither the presence nor absence of DA in oysters can be determined because extraction conditions with 100% methanol used to isolate toxins from oysters (recommended by the EU-Harmonised Standard Operating Procedure, 2015) would likely be unsuitable for this water-soluble toxin. In addition, transformation of DA during the digestion process of oysters may also be involved in the negative detections of this toxin. GYM exhibited the highest frequency of positive results in oysters (14/17). OAs were only detected in the hydrolyzed oyster samples. The detection rates of PTX and PTX2sa in oysters were lower than those in the net haul samples. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.