PREFERENTIAL PREDATION OF FEMALE BUTTERFLIES AND THE EVOLUTION OF BATESIAN MIMICRY
PREFERENTIAL PREDATION OF FEMALE BUTTERFLIES AND THE EVOLUTION OF BATESIAN MIMICRY
复制标题
DOI：
10.1038/378173a0
复制
发表时间：
1995-11-09
期刊：
影响因子：
64.8
通讯作者：
OHSAKI, N
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
OHSAKI, N
BATEIAN模仿，即一个美味的模仿者与一个不美味的模仿者相似，其功能是保护昆虫模仿者免受鸟类的伤害。在表现出贝氏模仿的蝴蝶中，雌性有限的模仿是常见的。解释这一现象的正统理论是针对男性的性选择。在这些理论论证中，没有假设两性之间在捕食压力上存在差异，但雌性偏向性捕食的存在会促进性别限制模仿的进化。为了测试两性之间吸引率的差异，我检查了美味的凤蝶科和蝶蛹科蝴蝶和不美味的凤蝶科蝴蝶翅膀上喙纹的比例。在这里，我报告说，女性受到攻击的频率比男性高，尽管男性受到攻击的频率通常更低。蝶蛹和蝶蛹的发病率较低，与雌性相似。对数学模型的分析突出了这些趋势。比较贝叶斯模仿者和模仿者，非模仿者的雌性受到选择性攻击，而雄性、模仿者和模仿者受到的攻击较少。因此，雌性在成为模仿者时受益匪浅，而雄性在成为模仿者时受益则少得多。因此，即使模仿对两性的代价相同，女性有限的模仿也会受到青睐。
BATEIAN mimicry, in which a palatable mimic resembles an unpalatable model, functions to protect insect mimics from birds. In butterflies that show batesian mimicry, female-limited mimicry is commom1-3. The orthodox theory to explain this is sexual selection against males4-6. In these theoretical arguments, no difference in predation pressure between the sexes was assumed, but the existence of female-biased predation would enhance the evolution of sex-limited mimicry. To test for differences in attact rate between the sexes, I examined the rates of beak marks on wings of palatable butterflies of Papilionidae and Pieridae, and unpalatable Danaidae. Here I report that females were attacked more frequently than males, though danaids mere generally attacked less. The papilionid and pierid males had low attack rates similar to those of danaid females. Analysis of a mathematical model highlighted these tendencies. Comparing a batesian mimetic species and its 'model' species, non-mimetic females were selectively attacked and the males, mimetic females and 'models' were attacked less. Therefore females benefit greatly when they become mimetic, whereas males will benefit much less should they become mimetic. Thus female-limited mimicry will be favoured even if the costs of mimicry to both sexes are the same.