EXOCYTOSIS FROM A SINGLE-RAT CHROMAFFIN CELL BY CHOLINERGIC AND PEPTIDERGIC NEUROTRANSMITTERS
EXOCYTOSIS FROM A SINGLE-RAT CHROMAFFIN CELL BY CHOLINERGIC AND PEPTIDERGIC NEUROTRANSMITTERS
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DOI：
10.1016/0306-4522(94)90092-2
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发表时间：
1994-03-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
WAKADE, AR
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
CHOWDHURY, PS;GUO, X;WAKADE, AR
嗜铬细胞分泌儿茶酚胺是由胆碱能和肽能神经递质介导的。（3，11，14）胆碱能递质乙酰胆碱激活烟碱和毒蕈碱受体，触发大鼠肾上腺髓质中的儿茶酚胺分泌。(17)血管活性肠肽（VIP）是大鼠肾上腺髓质的肽能递质，也可能是牛肾上腺的非胆碱能递质。(18，23）肾上腺腺苷酸环化酶激活多肽（PACAP），一种VIP样分泌素肽，也存在于肾上腺中，（5）是一种有效的促分泌素。（7，21）因此，PACAP可能是肾上腺突触的另一种肽能递质。(19)大鼠嗜铬细胞的一个最有趣的特性是，烟碱、毒蕈碱、VIP或PACAP受体的刺激各自能够自身产生强大的儿茶酚胺分泌。（11- 13，21）这就提出了一个问题，即单个嗜铬细胞是否能对上述每种激动剂产生反应，或者这种分泌是否是由于嗜铬细胞的亚群引起的。这个问题是通过使用电化学技术来监测单个嗜铬细胞的胞吐培养。（2，9，22）我们证明乙酰胆碱、尼古丁、毒蕈碱、VIP和PACAP都能引起单个嗜铬细胞分泌儿茶酚胺。有些细胞只对乙酰胆碱有反应。此外，每种激动剂产生不同的胞吐模式。毒蕈碱诱发的分泌表现出0.5-2秒的潜伏期，但胞吐持续到30秒后500毫秒的刺激。尼古丁产生立即反应，通常在10秒内结束。乙酰胆碱后的分泌模式似乎是烟碱和毒蕈碱模式的总和，表现出快速起效和持续时间较长。肽能刺激的独特性质是，短暂的暴露导致胞吐持续长达2分钟。像毒蕈碱，肽在产生胞吐中表现出潜伏期。这些发现支持了这样的想法，即烟碱，毒蕈碱和肽能受体的儿茶酚胺分泌的相互控制发生在单细胞水平。
Secretion of catecholamines from chromaffin cells is mediated by cholinergic and peptidergic neurotransmitters.(3,11,14) The cholinergic transmitter acetylcholine activates both nicotinic and muscarinic receptors to trigger catecholamine secretion in rat adrenal medulla.(17) Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) has been identified as the peptidergic transmitter in rat adrenal medulla and may also be the non-cholinergic transmitter in bovine adrenal.(18,23) Pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP), a VIP-like secretin peptide, is also found in the adrenal,(5) and is a potent secretagogue.(7,21) Thus, PACAP may be another peptidergic transmitter at the adrenal synapse.(19) A most intriguing property of rat chromaffin cells is that stimulation of nicotinic, muscarinic, VIP or PACAP receptors are each able to produce robust catecholamine secretion on their own.(11-13,21) This raises the question of whether a single chromaffin cell can respond to each of the above agonists or whether the secretion is due to subpopulations of chromaffin cells. This issue was addressed by using electrochemical techniques to monitor exocytosis from individual chromaffin cells in culture.(2,9,22) We demonstrate that acetylcholine, nicotine, muscarine, VIP and PACAP are each able to evoke catecholamine secretion from a single chromaffin cell. Some cells only responded to acetylcholine. Furthermore, each agonist produced a distinct pattern of exocytosis. Muscarine-evoked secretion exhibited a latency of 0.5-2 s, but exocytosis persisted up to 30 s following 500 ms stimulation. Nicotine produced an immediate response which usually ended within 10 s. The secretory pattern following acetylcholine appeared to be the sum of the nicotinic and muscarinic patterns, showing both rapid onset and longer duration. The unique property of peptidergic stimulation was that a brief exposure caused exocytosis to persist for up to 2 min. Like muscarine, peptides exhibited latency in producing exocytosis. These findings support the idea that the interactive control of catecholamine secretion by nicotinic, muscarinic and peptidergic receptors occurs at the level of single cells.