The Institute of Medicine
The Institute of Medicine
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医学研究所
DOI：
10.1353/ken.0.0102
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发表时间：
1992
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
R. Bulger
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
R. Bulger
1863年，根据联邦宪章成立了国家科学院，为政府提供科学方面的建议。近100年后的1971年，该学院在NAS内创建了医学研究所，专注于与健康相关的问题和问题。今天，国际移民组织的项目预算约为1300万美元，其中包括私人和政府资金，并被视为卫生政策研究的领先中心。在简要解释了国际移民组织的结构和总体目标之后，本文介绍了几个新的或预期的项目以及最近完成的一些具有强烈道德成分的报告。国际移民组织的杰出成员包括各类卫生保健专业人员、从事卫生相关学科工作的科学家、律师、经济学家和其他了解并参与与卫生问题有关的政策和活动的人。它由八个工作组或部门组成：健康科学政策;保健服务;健康促进和疾病预防，包括艾滋病活动;国际卫生;生物行为科学和精神障碍;食品和营养委员会;医疗后续机构;和卫生政策奖学金方案。每个司都有一个监督委员会协助，就其活动提供咨询意见。必须在一开始就知道，移徙组织已决定，每个司将在其活动中考虑到人的价值和道德问题。因此，移徙组织内没有设立单独的机构来处理这些事项。我是健康科学政策部的主任，这是唯一一个把伦理作为工作重点的部门，这也是本文的重点。
IN 1863 the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) was established by federal charter to advise the government on scientific matters. Almost 100 years later, in 1971, the Academy created the Institute of Medicine within the NAS to focus on health-related problems and issues. Today the IOM has a program budget of about $13 million, which includes both private and government funds, and is regarded as a leading center for health policy research. After briefly explaining the structure and general goals of IOM, this article describes several new or anticipated projects as well as some recently completed reports that have a strong ethical component. THE IOM The IOM's distinguished membership is made up of health care professionals of all sorts, scientists working in health-related disciplines, and lawyers, economists, and others knowledgeable in and involved with policies and activities associated with health issues. It is organized around eight working groups or divisions: Health Sciences Policy; Health Care Services; Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, including AIDS activities; International Health; Biobehavioral Sciences and Mental Disorders; the Food and Nutrition Board; the Medical Follow-up Agency; and the Health Policy Fellowship Programs. Each of these divisions is assisted by an oversight board that provides advice on its activities. It is important to know at the outset that IOM has decided that each of the divisions will include consideration of human values and ethical issues in their activities. Therefore, no separate locus was established within the IOM to deal with these matters. I am director of the Division of Health Sciences Policy, which is the only division that has made ethics a priority in its work, and it is the focus of this article.