Secondhand smoke exposure (PM2.5) in outdoor dining areas and its correlates
Secondhand smoke exposure (PM2.5) in outdoor dining areas and its correlates
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DOI：
10.1136/tc.2009.030544
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发表时间：
2010-02-01
期刊：
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
Wakefield, Melanie A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cameron, Melissa;Brennan, Emily;Wakefield, Melanie A.
背景本研究评估了二手烟（SHS）暴露的程度，当人们在户外用餐区吸烟，并探讨影响暴露levels.Methods数据的条件，收集了69个户外用餐区在墨尔本，澳大利亚，在2007年4月/5月。作者坐在离吸烟者1米以内的桌子旁，使用TSI SidePak Personal Aerosol监测仪测量了颗粒物污染（PM2.5）的浓度。监测器每隔30秒记录一次PM2.5数据，每个场地平均收集25.8分钟的数据。结果PM2.5平均本底浓度为8.4mg/m3，平均浓度为1.2mg/m3，平均浓度为1.2mg/m3，平均浓度为1.2mg/m3，平均浓度为1.2mg/m3。（几何平均值（GM）6.1 mg/m（3）），在观察期内增加到平均17.6 mg/m3（GM 12.7 mg/m3），在监测器附近主动吸烟期间增加到27.3 mg/m3（GM 17.6 mg/m3）。接触水平有很大的变化，当有点燃的香烟靠近监测器时，最大峰值浓度为483.9 mg/m3。在监测仪1米内，每增加一个活跃吸烟者，平均暴露水平就会增加约30%。坐在头顶遮盖物下的人平均暴露量增加了约50%。结论当个人坐在有吸烟者的户外用餐场所时，他们可能会暴露于大量的SHS水平。当显示器位于头顶覆盖物下时，以及随着附近吸烟者人数的增加，观察到暴露量显著增加。必须考虑户外吸烟限制在最大限度地减少SHS暴露方面的作用。
Background This study assessed the magnitude of secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure when people smoke in outdoor dining areas and explored conditions influencing exposure levels.Methods Data were gathered from 69 outdoor dining areas in Melbourne, Australia, during April/May 2007. Sitting at tables within 1 metre of an active smoker, the authors measured the concentration of particulate pollution (PM2.5) using TSI SidePak Personal Aerosol Monitors. PM2.5 data were recorded by the monitor at 30-second intervals, and data were collected over an average of 25.8 minutes per venue. Information was collected about the presence of overhead coverings and the number of patrons and lit cigarettes.Results The average background level of PM2.5 was 8.4 mg/m(3) (geometric mean (GM) 6.1 mg/m(3)), increasing to an average of 17.6 mg/m(3) (GM 12.7 mg/m(3)) over the observational period and 27.3 mg/m(3) (GM 17.6 mg/m(3)) during the time that cigarettes were actively smoked near the monitor. There was substantial variation in exposure levels, with a maximum peak concentration of 483.9 mg/m(3) when there were lit cigarettes close to the monitor. Average exposure levels increased by around 30% for every additional active smoker within 1 metre of the monitor. Being situated under an overhead cover increased average exposure by around 50%.Conclusions When individuals sit in outdoor dining venues where smokers are present it is possible that they will be exposed to substantial SHS levels. Significant increases in exposure were observed when monitors were located under overhead covers, and as the number of nearby smokers increased. The role of outdoor smoking restrictions in minimising exposure to SHS must be considered.