Anatomy of Offending: Human Trafficking in the United States, 2006–2011
Anatomy of Offending: Human Trafficking in the United States, 2006–2011
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犯罪剖析：2006 年至 2011 年美国的人口贩运
DOI：
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发表时间：
2016
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
E. Denton
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
E. Denton
摘要 迄今为止关于人口贩运的研究揭示了某些局限性。首先，很少有实证研究专门关注分析人口贩运事件的发生。其次，对人员和情况的分类数据的调查仍然很少。因此，谁对谁做了什么以及多久做一次仍然不清楚。这是有问题的，因为当前贩运研究的趋势影响着打击贩运的立法方向，而研究不足可能导致立法不足。通过行动、途径和网络来了解人口贩运行为者至关重要，这些行为、途径和网络决定了他们是否参与地下经济。本文使用美国 6 年（2006 年至 2011 年）成功起诉的人口贩运法律案件档案来探讨人口贩运网络的运作方式。研究结果表明，就贩运网络内的权力和影响力而言，传统意义上的征服意义上的性别可能并不重要：男性和女性贩运者的网络中心度得分几乎没有差异。此外，调查结果表明，贩运者和被贩运者往往来自同一来源：也就是说，作为移民很重要，因为谁可能既是贩运者又是被贩运者。一个人更有可能被自己社区内的人贩运，无论他或她是跨国还是区域性贩运。本文强调了社交网络和移民在实施人口贩运犯罪中的重要性。
ABSTRACT Research on human trafficking to date reveals certain limitations. First, little empirical research exists that focuses specifically on analyzing occurrences of human-trafficking incidents. Second, investigations of disaggregated data on persons and circumstances remain rare. As a consequence, who does what to whom, and how often, remains unclear. This is problematic because current trends in trafficking research affect the direction of legislation meant to combat trafficking, and inadequate research can lead to inadequate legislation. It is paramount to understand human-trafficking actors by their actions, pathways, and networks that determine their inclusion in this underground economy. This article uses 6 years (2006–2011) of successfully prosecuted human-trafficking legal case files from the United States in order to consider how trafficking networks operate. Findings suggest that insofar as power and influence within a trafficking network are concerned, gender may not matter in the traditional sense of subjugation: There is little to no difference between network centrality scores of male and female traffickers. Additionally, findings suggest that traffickers and trafficked individuals more often than not are from the same origin: meaning, being a migrant matters insofar as who is likely to be both trafficker and trafficked individual. An individual is more likely to be trafficked by someone from within one’s own community regardless of whether he or she is trafficked transnationally or regionally. This article highlights the importance of social networks and migrants in the commission of the trafficking offense.