Review: The motion of trees in the wind: a data synthesis
Review: The motion of trees in the wind: a data synthesis
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评论：树木在风中的运动：数据综合
作者：
Tobias Jackson;Sarab S. Sethi;E. Dellwik;N. Angelou;A. Bunce;T. V. van Emmerik;Marine Duperat;Jean;A. Wellpott;Skip J. Van Bloem;A. Achim;B. Kane;D. Ciruzzi;Steven P. Loheide II;K. James;D. Burcham;J. Moore;D. Schindler;Sven Kolbe;Kilian Wiegmann;Mark D. Rudnicki;V. Lieffers;J. Selker;A. Gougherty;T. Newson;Andrew K. Koeser;Jason W. Miesbauer;R. Samelson;Jim Wagner;D. Coomes;B. Gardiner
抽象。1.风和树木之间的相互作用控制着大气和森林冠层之间的能量交换。这种能量交换可能导致树木的广泛破坏，风是世界上许多森林的主要干扰因素。然而，关于这一主题的大多数研究都集中在针叶林种植园，而不是阔叶林，后者在森林碳循环中占主导地位，针叶林种植园的风险管理在经济上具有重要意义。这项研究汇集了所有可用的树木运动时间序列数据，系统地评估影响树木对风荷载的响应的因素，包括森林和开放环境中阔叶树和针叶树的数据。2.我们发现，树的运动的两个最具描述性的特征是：（a）基本频率，这是一个衡量的速度，树摇摆和树的高度密切相关，和（B）功率谱的斜率，这是有关的能量从风转移到树的效率。有趣的是，在这项研究中，所有树木的功率谱的斜率从中等风速到高风速保持不变。这表明，与某些预测相反，阻尼或放大机制在高风速下不会发生显著变化，因此风灾风险与风速相关，相对简单。3.针叶树从森林中不同的阔叶树在他们的响应风荷载。具体而言，森林针叶树的基本频率与它们的大小根据悬臂梁模型（即垂直分布的质量），而阔叶树更好地近似的单摆模型（即占主导地位的冠）。森林针叶树也有一个陡峭的斜率的功率谱。我们将这些发现解释为与树木结构密切相关，即针叶树通常具有简单的形状，由于其顶端优势，而阔叶树表现出更广泛的结构，具有更占主导地位的树冠。
Abstract. 1. Interactions between wind and trees control energy exchanges between the atmosphere and forest canopies. This energy exchange can lead to the widespread damage of trees and wind is a key disturbance agent in many of the world’s forests. However, most research on this topic has focused on conifer plantations, where risk management is economically important, rather than broadleaf forests, which dominate the forest carbon cycle. This study brings together all available tree motion time-series data to systematically evaluate the factors influencing tree responses to wind loading, including data from both broadleaf and coniferous trees in forests and open environments. 2. We found that the two most descriptive features of tree motion were: (a) the fundamental frequency, which is a measure of the speed at which a tree sways and is strongly related to tree height, and (b) the slope of the power spectrum, which is related to the efficiency of energy transfer from wind to trees. Intriguingly, the slope of the power spectrum was found to remain constant from medium to high wind speeds for all trees in this study. This suggests that, contrary to some predictions, damping or amplification mechanisms do not change dramatically at high wind speeds and therefore wind damage risk is related, relatively simply, to wind speed. 3. Conifers from forests were distinct from broadleaves in terms of their response to wind loading. Specifically, the fundamental frequency of forest conifers was related to their size according to the cantilever beam model (i.e. vertically distributed mass), whereas broadleaves were better approximated by the simple pendulum model (i.e. dominated by the crown). Forest conifers also had a steeper slope of the power spectrum. We interpret these finding as being strongly related to tree architecture, i.e. conifers generally have a simple shape due to their apical dominance, whereas broadleaves exhibit a much wider range of architectures with more dominant crowns.
影响因子：
5.2
作者：
Ciruzzi, Dominick M.;Loheide, Steven P.
通讯作者：
Loheide, Steven P.
影响因子：
6.2
作者：
A. Gougherty;Stephen R. Keller;A. Kruger;C. Stylinski;A. Elmore;M. Fitzpatrick
通讯作者：
A. Gougherty;Stephen R. Keller;A. Kruger;C. Stylinski;A. Elmore;M. Fitzpatrick