The Design of MACs (Minimal Actin Cortices)
The Design of MACs (Minimal Actin Cortices)
复制标题
MAC（最小肌动蛋白皮质）的设计
作者：
S. Vogel;Fabian Heinemann;Grzegorz Chwastek;P. Schwille
真核细胞中的肌动蛋白细胞皮层在控制和维持细胞形状以及驱动细胞分裂等主要形状变化中起着关键作用。因此，它不断地被改造。细胞形状的改变需要作用在膜上的力，这是由膜偶联的肌动蛋白丝和肌凝蛋白马达组件的相互作用产生的。关于它们的相互作用如何调节肌动蛋白细胞皮层重塑和细胞形状变化，我们知之甚少。由于肌动蛋白、肌球蛋白马达和细胞膜的重要作用，选择性的体内实验和操作往往难以进行或不可行。因此，肌动蛋白-肌球蛋白-膜相互作用的最小体外系统的智能设计可以为以详细和定量的方式研究肌动蛋白细胞皮层力学铺平道路。在这里，我们提出并讨论了几个自下而上的体外系统的设计，实现了肌动蛋白丝与人工膜的耦合，其中肌动蛋白密度和膜性质等关键参数可以以可控的方式改变。从这些体外系统中获得的见解可能有助于揭示肌动蛋白-肌球蛋白-膜相互作用如何精确控制肌动蛋白皮层重塑和细胞形状变化的膜特性的基本原理。©2013 Wiley期刊公司
The actin cell cortex in eukaryotic cells is a key player in controlling and maintaining the shape of cells, and in driving major shape changes such as in cytokinesis. It is thereby constantly being remodeled. Cell shape changes require forces acting on membranes that are generated by the interplay of membrane coupled actin filaments and assemblies of myosin motors. Little is known about how their interaction regulates actin cell cortex remodeling and cell shape changes. Because of the vital importance of actin, myosin motors and the cell membrane, selective in vivo experiments and manipulations are often difficult to perform or not feasible. Thus, the intelligent design of minimal in vitro systems for actin‐myosin‐membrane interactions could pave a way for investigating actin cell cortex mechanics in a detailed and quantitative manner. Here, we present and discuss the design of several bottom‐up in vitro systems accomplishing the coupling of actin filaments to artificial membranes, where key parameters such as actin densities and membrane properties can be varied in a controlled manner. Insights gained from these in vitro systems may help to uncover fundamental principles of how exactly actin‐myosin‐membrane interactions govern actin cortex remodeling and membrane properties for cell shape changes. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.