Widening Rural-Urban Disparities in Life Expectancy, US, 1969-2009
Widening Rural-Urban Disparities in Life Expectancy, US, 1969-2009
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DOI：
10.1016/j.amepre.2013.10.017
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发表时间：
2014-02-01
影响因子：
5.5
通讯作者：
Siahpush, Mohammad
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Singh, Gopal K.;Siahpush, Mohammad
研究背景：美国对城乡差距的研究较少。S.预期寿命。本研究考察了1969 - 2009年美国城乡出生时预期寿命差异的趋势。方法：对1969 - 2009年美国县级死亡率数据进行分析。使用标准生命表方法计算了1969年至2004年和2005年至2009年3年期间的年龄，性别和种族的预期寿命。预期寿命的差异分解的年龄和死因。结果：预期寿命呈负相关的农村化水平。2005 - 2009年，大都市地区人口的预期寿命为79.1岁，小城镇为76.9岁，农村地区为76.7岁。当按性别、种族和收入分层时，预期寿命从非大都市地区的贫困黑人男性的67.7岁到大都市地区的贫困亚洲/太平洋岛民女性的89.6岁不等。城乡差距随着时间的推移而扩大。1969 - 1971年，大都市地区的预期寿命比非大都市地区长0.4岁（70.9岁对70.5岁）。到2005 - 2009年，预期寿命差距扩大到2.0岁（78.8岁对76.8岁）。农村穷人和农村黑人目前经历的生存概率，城市富人和城市白人享受40年前。死亡原因的贡献最大的城乡差距和农村地区的预期寿命较低，包括心脏病，意外伤害，慢性阻塞性肺病，肺癌，中风，自杀，和diabetes.Conclusions：在1969年和2009年之间，大都市地区的居民经历了更大的收益比那些在非大都市地区的预期寿命，有助于扩大差距。
Background: There is limited research on rural-urban disparities in U. S. life expectancy.Purpose: This study examined trends in rural-urban disparities in life expectancy at birth in the U.S. between 1969 and 2009.Methods: The 1969-2009 U.S. county-level mortality data linked to a rural-urban continuum measure were analyzed. Life expectancies were calculated by age, gender, and race for 3-year time periods between 1969 and 2004 and for 2005-2009 using standard life-table methodology. Differences in life expectancy were decomposed by age and cause of death.Results: Life expectancy was inversely related to levels of rurality. In 2005-2009, those in large metropolitan areas had a life expectancy of 79.1 years, compared with 76.9 years in small urban towns and 76.7 years in rural areas. When stratified by gender, race, and income, life expectancy ranged from 67.7 years among poor black men in nonmetropolitan areas to 89.6 among poor Asian/ Pacific Islander women in metropolitan areas. Rural-urban disparities widened over time. In 19691971, life expectancy was 0.4 years longer in metropolitan than in nonmetropolitan areas (70.9 vs 70.5 years). By 2005-2009, the life expectancy difference had increased to 2.0 years (78.8 vs 76.8 years). The rural poor and rural blacks currently experience survival probabilities that urban rich and urban whites enjoyed 4 decades earlier. Causes of death contributing most to the increasing rural-urban disparity and lower life expectancy in rural areas include heart disease, unintentional injuries, COPD, lung cancer, stroke, suicide, and diabetes.Conclusions: Between 1969 and 2009, residents in metropolitan areas experienced larger gains in life expectancy than those in nonmetropolitan areas, contributing to the widening gap.